2020年全国要全面实现脱贫，并将其作为三大攻坚战之一写入了党的十九大报告。 金融精准扶贫是扶贫攻坚的主要工具和重要手段，Q省农商银行（特指Q省30家农商银 行，包括未改制农商行的农信联社）作为农村金融主力军，自然也成为农村金融扶贫攻 坚的主力军。在扶贫小额贷款领域，Q省农商银行无论是信贷规模还是服务的客户数量， 在省内同业中均占有绝对优势。但是金融机构作为自负盈亏、自担风险的企业，盈利性、 安全性是其决策的内在动机，扶贫类贷款政策性强、盈利性弱，且风险突出，如何兼顾 企业的社会责任和自身利益，实现良性循环，构建长期可持续的金融扶贫供给能力，为 全面脱贫和全面小康社会目标实现增添稳定动力，是一个需要深入研究的命题。2020 年是小额扶贫贷款集中到期的年份，也是风险集中呈现和暴露的年份，如何未雨绸缪， 提前研判，提前布局，具有极强的政治意义和现实意义。本文依据现有的理论体系，以 Q省农商银行扶贫小额贷款为主研究对象，对Q省农商行及扶贫小额信贷的做法进行了 概括介绍，对扶贫小额贷款存在的主要风险点及风险背后的原因进行论述。据此，就如 何有效风险防控，提出自己的看法和建议。正文共分为六个章节，在内容设计上按照层 层递进的方式铺设，力求逻辑清晰，观点明确，对问题把控精准，意见建议合理到位。 关键词：精准扶贫；扶贫小额贷款；风险防控 Q省农商银行扶贫小额贷款风险及对策研究 II Abstract In 2020, the whole country will realize poverty alleviation in an all-round way, and write it into the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China as one of the three major battles. Financial targeted poverty alleviation is the main tool and important means of poverty alleviation. As the main force of rural finance, Q Provincial Rural Commercial Bank (especially 30 rural commercial banks in Q Province, including the rural credit union of the non restructured Rural Commercial Bank) naturally also becomes the main force of rural financial poverty alleviation. In the field of poverty alleviation micro loans, Q provincial rural commercial bank has an absolute advantage in both the scale of credit and the number of customers it serves. However, as an enterprise with its own profit and loss and risk, financial institutions have the intrinsic motivation of decision-making: profitability and safety. Poverty alleviation loans have strong policy nature, weak profitability and outstanding risk. How to take into account the social responsibility and self-interest of enterprises, realize a virtuous cycle, build a long-term and sustainable supply capacity of financial poverty alleviation, and achieve the goal of comprehensive poverty alleviation and comprehensive well-off society It is a topic that needs further study to add stable power. 2020 is the year when the micro poverty alleviation loans are concentrated and due, and also the year when the risks are concentrated and exposed. How to prepare for the future, study and judge in advance, and lay out in advance also has great political and practical significance. Based on the existing theoretical system, this paper takes Q Province Rural Commercial Bank as the main research object, introduces Q Province Rural Commercial Bank and the practice of poverty alleviation microfinance, and discusses the main risk points and the reasons behind the risk. Based on this, the author puts forward his own views and suggestions on how to effectively prevent and control risks. The main body is divided into six chapters. The content is designed in a 青海民族大学硕士学位论文 III progressive way, with clear logic, clear views, precise control of problems and reasonable suggestions. Key words: Targeted poverty alleviation;Poverty alleviation microfinance;Risk prevention and control Q省农商银行扶贫小额贷款风险及对策研究 目 录 摘要 ..................................................................... I ABSTRACT ................................................................. II 第1章 绪论 ............................................................... 1 1.1研究的背景和意义 .................................................... 1 1.1.1研究背景 ......................................................... 1 1.1.2研究意义 ......................................................... 1 1.2国内外研究现状 ...................................................... 2 1.2.1国外学者研究现状 ................................................. 2 1.2.2国内学者研究综述 ................................................. 3 1.3研究内容和方法 ...................................................... 5 1.3.1研究内容 ......................................................... 5 1.3.2研究方法 ......................................................... 5 1.4研究的重点、难点、创新点 ............................................ 6 1.4.1研究的重点 ....................................................... 6 1.4.2研究的难点 ....................................................... 6 1.4.3研究的创新点 ..................................................... 6 第2章 概念界定和理论基础 ................................................. 7 2.1相关概念界定 ........................................................ 7 2.1.1金融扶贫 ......................................................... 7 2.1.2扶贫小额贷款 ..................................................... 7 2.1.3金融风险 ......................................................... 8 2.2理论基础 ............................................................ 8 2.2.1“四个扎扎实实”理论 ............................................. 8 2.2.2“一优两高”理论 ................................................. 8 青海民族大学硕士学位论文 2.2.3农业信贷补贴理论 ................................................. 8 2.2.4不完全竞争市场理论 ............................................... 9 第3章 Q省农商银行扶贫小额贷款基本概况 .................................. 10 3.1 Q省农商银行基本情况介绍 ............................................ 10 3.2 Q省农商银行扶贫小额贷款实施的依据 .................................. 10 3.3 Q省农商银行扶贫小额贷款投放基本状况及成效 .......................... 11 3.4 Q省农商银行扶贫小额贷款主要做法 .................................... 12 3.4.1积极借力政府资源和政策 .......................................... 12 3.4.2积极借力“双基联动”平台 ........................................ 12 3.4.3发挥主观作用主动作为 ............................................ 13 第4章 Q省农商银行扶贫小额贷款面临的风险及原因分析 ...................... 16 4.1 到期偿付风险高于一般贷款 ........................................... 16 4.1.1风险表现 ........................................................ 16 4.1.2原因分析 ........................................................ 16 4.2 政策风险十分突出 ................................................... 17 4.2.1风险表现 ........................................................ 17 4.2.2原因分析 ........................................................ 19 4.3 操作风险局部集聚 ................................................... 20 4.3.1风险表现 ........................................................ 20 4.3.2原因分析 ........................................................ 21 4.4 信用环境恶化风险极易催化 ........................................... 23 4.4.1风险表现 ........................................................ 23 4.4.2原因分析 ........................................................ 24 4.5扶贫效能不高风险伴生相随 ........................................... 25 4.5.1风险表现 ........................................................ 25 4.5.2原因分析 ........................................................ 26 第5章 Q省农商银行扶贫小额贷款风险优化对策建议 .......................... 27 5.1在贫困户层面致力于解决到期偿付、信用恶化、效能不高风险 ............. 27 5.1.1主动正面宣传引导 ................................................ 27 Q省农商银行扶贫小额贷款风险及对策研究 5.1.2建立失信必惩的机制 .............................................. 28 5.1.3开展信用修复激活源头活水 ........................................ 28 5.1.4引导资金使用提升扶贫效率 ........................................ 29 5.1.5推进智力扶贫变输血为造血 ........................................ 29 5.2 在政府层面致力于解决政策风险、效能不高风险 ......................... 30 5.2.1明确政府和市场的职