小额贷款公司作为一种新型的金融组织，降低了相关金融服务的门槛，对民间资本进行 合理管理，建立适合企业发展的金融体系，为金融服务的发展创造环境。小额贷款公司的兴 起，在很大程度上缓解了中小企业在发展过程中所面临的资金问题，为其获得资金开辟了更 广阔的渠道，同时也为社会发展贡献了力量。促进小额贷款公司健康发展，对规范民间借贷 行为、规范金融市场秩序、保持社会经济持续健康发展起到积极作用。 本文通过梳理小额贷款业务的发展历史同时展示我国的小额贷款业务的发展历程，为本 文提供足够的研究背景支撑进而形成本文的研究架构并提出本文的研究意义，阅读文献梳理 小额贷款业务的理论基础并对本文使用的研究方法进行相应的描述和解释，为全文的写作提 供强有力的理论支持保证论文的理论支撑，对D公司概况进行介绍，同时介绍了D公司的 贷款风险管理环境、业务开展情况和主要财务数据，同时分析D公司存在问题，基于AHP 的方法去构建D公司贷款风险评价体系模型，根据方法会选择相应的指标构建D公司的贷 款评价体系，同时在构建后对D公司风险评价体系效果进行评估测试模型的实用性，根据 D公司的贷款业务的特性综合性的提出目前贷款业务的改革建议，提高D公司贷款业务的 风险防控能力，从优化贷款评级体系、健全信贷风险预警系统、加强战略布局、推广风险缓 释工具、加强风险内部控制建设、优化人力资源结构等方面落实贷款风险管理。 本文通过实际案例分析，对小额贷款公司贷款风险管理进行探究，力求丰富目前小额贷 款公司的内部控制理论研究。通过对D小额贷款公司风险的分析可以帮助D公司找到降低 风险的切实有效的途径实现贷款业务的风险方面的优化管理。一方面，有利于未来D小额 贷款公司贷款风险管理过程中准确规避关键风险节点；另一方面，不仅可以揭示对本小额贷 款公司贷款风险管理存在的问题，并提出有效的解决途径，同时还可以为同行业其他小额贷 款公司提供参考，有利于促进小贷行业持续更好的发展。 关键词：小额信贷公司，贷款风险，风险评价，评价体系构建 D小额贷款公司贷款风险管理与评价研究 II ABSTRACT As a new type of financial organization, small loan company reduces the threshold of related financial services, reasonably manages private capital, establishes a financial system suitable for the development of enterprises, and creates an environment for the development of financial services. The rise of small loan companies, to a large extent, alleviated the financial problems faced by small and medium-sized enterprises in the development process, opened up a broader channel for them to obtain funds, but also contributed to social development. To promote the healthy development of small loan companies plays a positive role in regulating private lending behavior, regulating the order of financial market and maintaining the sustainable and healthy development of social economy. By combing the development history of small loan business and showing the development history of small loan business in China, this paper provides sufficient research background support for this paper, then forms the research framework of this paper and puts forward the research significance of this paper. Read the literature and sort out the theoretical basis of small loan business and describe and explain the research methods used in this paper, so as to write the full text To provide strong theoretical support to ensure the theoretical support of the paper, introduce the general situation of company D, introduce the loan risk management environment, business development and main financial data of company D, analyze the existing problems of company D, build the loan risk evaluation system model of company D Based on AHP, and select the corresponding indicators to build the loan of company d according to the method At the same time, after the establishment of the evaluation system, the effectiveness of the risk evaluation system of company D will be evaluated and tested. According to the characteristics of the loan business of company D, comprehensive suggestions for the reform of the current loan business will be put forward to improve the risk prevention and control ability of the loan business of company D, from optimizing the loan rating system, improving the credit risk early warning system, strengthening the strategic layout, and promoting risk mitigation Implement loan risk management in terms of tools, strengthening risk internal control construction, optimizing human resource structure, etc. Through the actual case analysis, this paper explores the loan risk management of small loan companies, and strives to enrich the theoretical research on internal control of small loan companies. Through the analysis of the risk of D small loan company, we can help D company find a practical and effective way to reduce the risk and realize the optimal management of the risk of loan business. On the one hand, it is conducive to accurately avoid key risk nodes in the loan risk management 南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 III process of D small loan company in the future; on the other hand, it can not only reveal the problems existing in the loan risk management of this small loan company, and propose effective solutions, but also provide reference for other small loan companies in the same industry, which is conducive to promoting the sustainable and better development of small loan industry. Keywords: Micro credit company, loan risk, risk evaluation, evaluation system construction 南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 V 目 录 第一章 绪论 ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景 ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 研究目的和研究意义 ............................................................................................................ 3 1.2.1研究目的 ......................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.2研究意义 ......................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 国内外研究进展综述 ............................................................................................................ 4 1.3.1国外研究进展综述 .......................................................................................................... 5 1.3.2国内研究进展综述 .......................................................................................................... 7 1.3.3文献评述 ......................................................................................................................... 8 1.4 研究内容 .............................................................................................................................. 10 1.5 研究方法与路线 .................................................................................................................. 10 1.5.1研究方法 ....................................................................................................................... 10 1.5.2研究路线 ....................................................................................................................... 11 第二章 理论基础 ........................................................................................................................... 13 2.1 小额贷款理论背景 .............................................................................................................. 13 2.1.1小额贷款起源................................................................................................................ 13 2.1.2小额信贷在中国的发展 ................................................................................................ 14 2.1.3小额贷款特征及理论 .................................................................................................... 15 2.2 小额贷款公司风险的基础理论 .......................................................................................... 16 2.2.1小额贷款公司风险的概念 ............................................................................................ 16 2.2.2小额贷款公司风险的类别 ............................................................................................ 16 2.2.3小额贷款公司