如今的东北企业正面临着经济下行的严重考验，GD东北电力有限公司作为一家 传统的国有区域性火电企业面临的形势更加严峻，全年原煤产量2016年产34.1亿 吨，比上年下降9.0%，这是从2013年原煤产量达到39.7亿吨后，连续第三年下降， 煤炭大幅减产带来煤炭价格大幅度而且持续性的上涨，以GD东北电力有限公司为 例，入炉综合标煤单价从2016年的470元/吨，2017年上涨至632元/吨，2018年 持续上涨至632元/吨，直接影响利润300余亿元，直接导致了企业从盈利到重大 亏损。并且由于近年来资金市场的紧张形势以及持续的亏损导致的负债率持续升高， 企业经营情况持续恶化，导致银行利率上浮、抽贷、放款难的情况越发频繁。GD东 北电力有限公司目前采用现金池的资金集中管理模式集中调配区域内资金，由于现 金流的持续紧张以及变幻莫测的资金市场形势，导致资金集中管理的压力越来越大， 如何优化现有的现金流管理模式，如何在资金紧张的情况下更加合理的调配现有资 金建立更完善的现金管理体系是目前GD东北电力有限公司财务面临的主要问题。 本文选择GD东北电力有限公司现金流管理为研究对象，以现金流量理论、内 部控制理论、风险评估理论为基础，采用文献研究法、归纳演绎法、实地调查法与 比率分析法对案例进行了深入研究分析，探索如何优化GD东北电力有限公司的现 金流管理，最终提出从强化信息化程度建立更完善的现金流管理体系、明确部门责 任细化短期现金流预算控制体系、建立现金流量考核分析体系、建立完善的风险预 警风险防范体系四个方面完善GD东北电力有限公司的现金流管理。 完善、优化的现金流管理，有利于提升资金利用效率，提高风险预警能力，降 低资金成本。资金安全风险得到合理控制，对于提高公司的管理营运水平、也对于 GD东北电力有限公司稳步度过困难时期，减亏增效取得更大成果有着重要的意义。 关键词：现金流管理 预算控制 电力企业  II ABSTRACT Now the northeast enterprise is facing a serious test of the economic downturn, GD northeast electric power co., LTD. As a traditional state-owned local thermal power enterprises face the situation even more severe, the total output of raw coal 2016 annual output of 3.41 billion tons, falling by 9.0% over the previous year, this is from raw coal production reached 3.97 billion tons in 2013, the third year in a row down, sharp reduction of coal with coal prices sharply and continuing to rise, GD northeast electric power co., LTD., for example, charging composite BiaoMei unit price from $2016 in 470 yuan/ton, up to 632 yuan/ton, 2017, In 2018, the continuous increase to 632 yuan/ton directly affected the profit of more than 30 billion yuan, which directly led to the enterprise from profit to major loss. In addition, due to the tight situation of the capital market and the continuous losses in recent years, the debt ratio continues to rise and the business situation of enterprises continues to deteriorate, resulting in more frequent bank interest rate rises, loan withdrawal and loan difficulties. GDGD cash pool for the northeast electric power co., LTD. Is the centralized management mode of centralized allocation of regional capital, as a result of the cash flow remains tense, and the vagaries of capital market situation, lead to increasing pressure centralized fund management, how to optimize the existing mode of cash flow management, how to under the condition of the cash-strapped more reasonable allocate existing funds to establish more perfect system of cash management is the GD northeast of the main problems in the financial power co., LTD. This paper choose the GD northeast electric power co., LTD., cash flow management as the research object, by cash flow theory, the theory of internal control and risk assessment theory as the foundation, USES the literature method, inductive deductive method, field survey method and ratio analysis of case study carried on the thorough analysis, to explore how to optimize the GD northeast electric power co., LTD., cash flow management, Finally, the paper proposes to improve GD northeast electric power co., LTD. 's cash flow management from four aspects: strengthening informatization degree to establish a more perfect cash flow management system, clarifying department responsibility to refine short-term cash flow budget control system,  III establishing cash flow assessment and analysis system, and establishing a sound risk warning and risk prevention system. Perfect and optimized cash flow management is conducive to improving capital utilization efficiency, improving risk warning ability and reducing capital cost. Reasonable control of capital security risk is of great significance for improving the management and operation level of the company, as well as for GD northeast power co., ltd. to go through the difficult period steadily and achieve greater results in reducing losses and increasing efficiency. Key Words: Cash flow management Budget control Power enterprise  IV 目 录 摘要 .............................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... II 绪论 ............................................................................................................................ 1 0.1 研究背景及意义........................................................................................... 1 0.1.1 研究背景 ............................................................................................ 1 0.1.2 研究意义 ............................................................................................ 1 0.2 国内外文献综述........................................................................................... 2 0.2.1 国外文献综述 ..................................................................................... 2 0.2.2 国内文献综述 ..................................................................................... 3 0.2.3 文献评述 ............................................................................................ 3 0.3 研究内容及方法........................................................................................... 4 0.3.1 研究内容 ............................................................................................ 4 0.3.2 研究方法 ............................................................................................ 5 1 相关概念及理论基础............................................................................................. 6 1.1 相关概念 ...................................................................................................... 6 1.1.1 现金流管理 ......................................................................................... 6 1.1.2 财务风险管理 ..................................................................................... 7 1.2 理论基础 ...................................................................................................... 8 1.2.1 内部控制理论 ..................................................................................... 8 1.2.1 风险评估理论 ..................................................................................... 9 2 GD东北电力有限公司概况及现金流管理现状 .................................................... 10 2.1 GD东北电力有限公司概况 ....................................................................... 10 2.1.1 公司简介 .......................................................................................... 10 2.1.2 生产经营情况 ................................................................................... 10 2.1.3 公司组织结构 ................................................................................... 11  V 2.1.4 公司主要财务数据 ........................................................................... 13 2.2 GD东北电力有限公司现金流管理现状 .................................................... 14 2.2.1 现金流管理组织结构 ........................................................................ 14 2.2.2 现金池管理 ....................................................................................... 14 2.2.3 现金流预算管理 ............................................................................... 14 2.2.4 现金流流程管理 ..................................................