在工业现代化发展中，我国制造业依靠自身资源禀赋的优势，发展进程明显 增快，成为具备一定竞争优势的制造大国，但是仍然是以低技术低附加值的产品 生产为主，依然处在产品价值链条的中下游。就国内情况而言，地区的差异导致 国内制造业发展区域化日益明显，西部地区制造业缺乏高新技术与创新能力，导 致其发展滞后，因此在目前“双创”浪潮与“五大发展理念”的指导下，我们要 以区域创新思想为方针指导制造业的发展，研究制造业比较优势的动态变化趋势， 突出其核心竞争优势，同时兼顾创新效率，避免创新投入资源的不合理浪费。 本文选取青海省制造业作为研究对象，选取设计了一套符合青海省制造业发 展实际的指标体系，包括以下3个二级指标：资源禀赋优势、产业支撑优势以及 创新环境优势，再运用AHP分析法对指标权重进行运算赋值，进而通过综合评 价法对青海省制造业比较优势进行整体测评与对比分析，再选取RCA指数对制 造业具体行业比较优势进行测算，比较得出青海省制造业具有比较优势的具体行 业。同时，倘若按照现有比较优势进行粗放式发展，势必掉入“比较优势陷阱”， 因此在区域创新大环境下为了避免陷入“比较优势陷阱”阻碍其创新发展，再选 取DEA分析法对青海省制造业21个具体行业的创新效率进行测算，对省内创新 资源的投入产出效率进行测评。通过上述测评分析得出：青海省制造业的比较优 势动态变化过程中主导优势由资源禀赋优势和产业支撑优势逐步转变为创新环 境优势和产业支撑优势；青海省制造业整体比较优势欠缺，但具体到各行业情况 有所不同，青海省纺织业具有极强的比较优势，黑色金属、有色金属冶炼和压延 加工业、金属制品业、石油加工业和服装制造业具备较强比较优势；青海省制造 业各行业创新效率各有差别，一些具备比较优势的行业创新效率极低，其中有纺 织业、服装制造业、化工制造业和医药制造业。最后针对实证分析结论，对青海 省制造业在新时代实现创新发展提出相关对策建议。 关键词：区域创新，青海省制造业，比较优势 II EVALUATION OF COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN QINGHAI PROVINCE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF REGIONAL INNOVATION Abstract In the process of industrial modernization, China's manufacturing industry relies on the advantages of its own endowment of resources. The manufacturing industry has achieved great development and ranks China among the world's major manufacturing countries. However, it is still based on the production of low-tech and low-value-added products, and it remains in the middle and lower reaches of the product value chain. As far as the domestic situation is concerned, regional differences have led to the increasing regionalization of domestic manufacturing development. The lack of advanced technologies and innovative capabilities in the manufacturing industry in the western region has led to its lagging development. Under the guidance, we must guide the development of the manufacturing industry based on the principles of regional innovation, studying the dynamic trends of the comparative advantages of the manufacturing industry, accurately utilizing its comparative advantages, and taking into account the efficiency of innovation to avoid unreasonable waste of resources for innovation. This essay selects Qinghai Province's manufacturing industry as the research object, and selects and designs a set of indicator systems that conform to the actual development of Qinghai's manufacturing industry, including the following three secondary indicators: resource endowment advantages, industry support advantages and innovation environment advantages, and then uses AHP analysis The method calculates and assigns index weights to evaluate and compare the comparative advantages of the manufacturing industry in Qinghai Province, and then selects the RCA index to measure the comparative advantages of specific industries in the manufacturing industry. At the same time, in the context of regional innovation, in order to prevent from falling into the "comparative advantage trap" so as to hinder its III development, the DEA analysis method was selected to measure the innovation efficiency of 21 specific industries in Qinghai's manufacturing industry, as well as the input-output efficiency of innovation resources in the province Perform assessments. Using the above evaluation system to evaluate the comparative advantage of Qinghai's manufacturing industry, it is concluded that the dominant advantage in the dynamic change of the comparative advantage of Qinghai's manufacturing industry gradually changed from resource endowment advantage and industry support advantage to innovation environment advantage and industry support advantage; the overall comparative advantage of Qinghai Province’s manufacturing industry is lacking, but the situation varies from industry to industry. The textile industry in Qinghai Province has strong comparative advantages. Ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry, non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry, metal products industry, and petroleum processing. Coking and nuclear fuel processing and textile and apparel, footwear, and hat manufacturing have strong comparative advantages; innovation efficiency varies across industries in the manufacturing industry in Qinghai Province. Some industries with comparative advantages have very low innovation efficiency, including textile industry, textile and apparel, Shoes, hat manufacturing, chemical raw materials and chemical manufacturing, and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Finally, according to the results of empirical analysis, relevant countermeasures and suggestions are proposed for how Qinghai's manufacturing industry achieves innovative development. Keywords: regional innovation, manufacturing industry in Qinghai Province, comparative advantage IV 目 录 中文摘要 .......................................................... I Abstract ......................................................... II 第一章 绪论...................................................... 1 1.1 选题背景及意义 ............................................. 1 1.1.1 选题背景.............................................. 1 1.1.2 选题意义.............................................. 2 1.2 文献综述 ................................................... 3 1.2.1 区域创新研究现状...................................... 3 1.2.2 比较优势研究现状...................................... 5 1.2.3 研究述评.............................................. 7 1.3 研究内容、方法及创新点 ..................................... 8 1.3.1 研究内容.............................................. 8 1.3.2 研究方法............................................. 10 1.3.3 创新点............................................... 10 第二章 相关理论基础 ........................................... 11 2.1 区域创新系统理论 .......................................... 11 2.2 比较优势理论 .............................................. 11 第三章 青海省制造业比较优势评价体系的构建 .................. 13 3.1 指标体系的构建原则 ........................................ 13 3.1.1 系统性原则........................................... 13 3.1.2 功能性原则........................................... 13 3.1.3 可行性原则........................................... 13 3.1.4 可比性原则........................................... 14 3.2 指标体系的设置 ............................................ 14 3.3 指标体系说明 .............................................. 15 V 3.3.1 资源禀赋优势......................................... 15 3.3.2 产业支撑优势......................................... 16 3.3.3 创新环境优势......................................... 16 3.4 指标权重的确定 ............................................ 17 3.4.1 AHP分析法的原理 ..................................... 17 3.4.2 AHP分析法的优缺点及步骤 ............................. 17 3.4.3 层次分析结果......................................... 18 3.4.4 综合评价方法......................................... 21 第四章 青海省制造业比较优势测评 ............................. 22 4.1 资源禀赋优势 .............................................. 22 4.1.1 数据来源............................................. 22 4.1.2 资源禀赋优势对比分析................................. 22 4.2 产业支撑优势 .............................................. 24 4.2.1 数据来源...........