摘要：人才资源是第一资源，职业教育是国家人才战略的重要基石 之一，占据了非常重要的位置，是未来经济社会发展的重要动力源泉， 也受到越来越多的关注和重视。同时，随着产业结构不断优化，高速 发展的职业教育存在不少问题，高校就业市场是招工难与就业难并存。 本文以湖南财经工业职业技术学院为研究对象，就高职院校毕业生就 业工作作为实际案例进行分析与研究，运用人力资源管理等理论和方 法来分析与研究大学生就业问题。 本文根据用人单位对招聘人才的能力素质要求，分析目前大学生 就业能力存在的问题，从学校人才培养的教学改革，来分析和研究培 养大学生就业能力提升的方法和途径，并提出相应的对策与措施，以 期实现毕业生的充分就业，解决高职院校存在的大学生就业难的问题。 论文首先分析了国内外就业能力方面的研究现状，并对职业教育、就 业能力的内涵进行了界定，介绍了可雇佣性模型（USEM模型）、心 理-社会建构模型（Psycho-SocialConstruct模型）、就业能力模型 （CareerEDGE模型）。接着从毕业生规模及结构、毕业生初次就业 率及就业去向、毕业生就业流向分布方面分析了湖南财经工业职院毕 业生就业现状，指出就业存在的主要问题。然后设计了就业能力调查 问卷，对学生基本情况、就业状况、就业能力、就业过程进行了调查。 II 在此基础上，对就业能力现状进行了分析，结果表明学生基础能力较 好，但与企业需求有差异；实际操作能力较好；社会适应能力一般， 而且提升能力渠道欠缺；发展能力薄弱，其创新能力急需提升；对就 业能力影响因素进行了分析，指出性别、生源地、是否担任学生干部、 是否参与社会实践和是否有职业规划等对毕业生就业能力都一定的 影响。论文最后从学生自身、学校、政府层面提出了湖南财经工业职 院提升毕业生就业能力的对策。 本文的研究对提升高职院校毕业生的就业能力及实现充分就业 具有一定的现实意义，可为相关院校的毕业生就业工作提供借鉴。 关键词：职业教育；湖南财经工业职院；高职毕业生；就业能力 III AninvestigationontheEmployabilityoftheGraduatesof HunanVocationalCollegeofFinanceandEconomics MasterofBusinessAdministration DirectedbyProfessorHuangJianMei Abstract Abstract:Humanresourceisthefirstresource,vocationaleducationis oneoftheimportantcornerstonesofthenationaltalentstrategy,occupies averyimportantposition,isanimportantsourceofpowerforthefuture economicandsocialdevelopment,andalsoreceivesmoreandmore attention.Atthesametime,withthecontinuousoptimizationofthe industrialstructure,therearemanyproblemsinthehigh-speed developmentofvocationaleducation.Inthispaper,HunanFinancial IndustryVocationalandTechnicalCollegeastheresearchobject,the employmentofvocationalcollegegraduatesasapracticalcasefor analysisandresearch,theuseofhumanresourcesmanagementtheory andmethodstoanalyzeandstudytheemploymentofcollegestudents. Accordingtotherequirementsofemployersfortheabilityand qualityofrecruitingtalents,thispaperanalyzestheproblemsexistingin theemploymentabilityofcollegestudentsatpresent,analyzesand studiesthemethodsandwaystoimprovetheemploymentabilityof collegestudentsfromtheperspectiveoftheteachingreformofschool talenttraining,andputsforwardthecorrespondingcountermeasuresand measuresinordertorealizethefullemploymentofgraduatesandsolve theemploymentdifficultiesofcollegestudentsinhighervocational collegesProblem.Firstly,thispaperanalyzestheresearchstatusof employmentabilityathomeandabroad,definestheconnotationof vocationaleducationandemploymentability,andintroducesthe IV employabilitymodel(usemmodel),psychosocialconstructionmodel, andemploymentabilitymodel(careeredgemodel).Thenfromthe aspectsofthescaleandstructureofgraduates,theinitialemploymentrate andthedirectionofemployment,andthedistributionofgraduates' employmentflow,thispaperanalyzesthecurrentsituationofgraduates' employmentinHunanVocationalCollegeofFinanceandeconomics,and pointsoutthemainproblemsexistinginemployment.Then,a questionnaireisdesignedtoinvestigatethestudents'basicsituation, employmentstatus,employmentabilityandemploymentprocess.Onthis basis,thepaperanalyzesthecurrentsituationofemploymentability,and theresultsshowthatthebasicabilityofstudentsisgood,butdifferent fromtheneedsofenterprises;thepracticaloperationabilityisgood;the socialadaptabilityisgeneral,andthechannelstoimprovetheabilityare lack;thedevelopmentabilityisweak,anditsinnovationabilityneedsto beimprovedurgently;theinfluencingfactorsofemploymentabilityare analyzed,andthegender,thesourceofstudents,whethertobeemployed ornotarepointedoutStudentcadres,whethertheyparticipateinsocial practiceandwhethertheyhavecareerplanninghaveacertainimpacton theemployabilityofgraduates.Atlast,thepaperputsforwardthe countermeasurestoimprovetheemployabilityofgraduatesfromthe aspectsofstudentsthemselves,schoolsandgovernment. Theresearchofthispaperhasacertainpracticalsignificancefor improvingtheemploymentabilityandrealizingfullemploymentof graduatesofhighervocationalcolleges,andcanprovidereferenceforthe employmentworkofgraduatesofrelevantcolleges. Keywords:vocationaleducationHunanVocationalCollegeofFinance andEconomicsvocationalgraduatesemployability V 目录 摘要..............................................................................................................I ABSTRACT.................................................................................................III 第1章绪论...............................................................................................1 1.1研究意义.........................................................................................1 1.1.1理论意义..............................................................................1 1.1.2现实意义..............................................................................1 1.2国内外研究现状.............................................................................2 1.2.1国外研究现状......................................................................2 1.2.2国内研究现状......................................................................3 1.3研究方法.........................................................................................6 1.4研究思路.........................................................................................6 第2章职业教育及就业能力相关理论...................................................9 2.1职业教育.........................................................................................9 2.2就业能力.........................................................................................9 2.3就业能力构成...............................................................................10 2.3.1可雇佣性模型（USEM模型）..........................................10 2.3.2心理-社会建构模型（Psycho-SocialConstruct模型） ................................................................................................................10 2.3.3就业能力模型（CareerEDGE模型）............................10 VI 2.3.4其它模型............................................................................11 2.4就业能力影响因素.......................................................................12 第3章湖南财经工业职院毕业生就业现状.........................................13 3.1湖南财经工业职院简介...............................................................13 3.22018届毕业生规模及结构..........................................................13 3.2.12018届毕业生总体规模..................................................13 3.2.2毕业生结构分布................................................................13 3.3毕业生初次就业率及就业去向...................................................15 3.3.1毕业生总体初次就业率...................................................15 3.3.22018届毕业生就业去向..................................................15 3.4毕业生就业流向分布...................................................................16 3.4.1行业结构分布....................................................................16 3.4.2就业地区分布....................................................................17 3.4.3单位性质分布....................................................................19 3.4.4职业结构分布....................................................................19 3.5就业存在的主要问题...................................................................20 3.5.1“无业可就”和“有业不就”同时存在.......................20 3.5.2就业