文本描述
人才是当今社会企业平稳发展、竞争成败的重要因素。企业之间的竞争,实质 上就是人才的竞争。改革开放以来,随着我国市场经济的不断发展,人才流动日渐 频繁,人才流失问题不仅常发生在国企和民营企业,外资企业同样遭受着越来越严 重的人才流失困扰。人才流失给企业带来诸多不稳定因素,严重影响到外资企业的 发展。AMT(中国)化学有限公司(以下简称“AMT公司”)是一家跨国外资企 业,对人才的业务能力和忠诚度都有较高的要求。近几年,随着市场变化以及公司 内部管理改革的进行,AMT公司人才流失有递增的趋势,人才流失持续下去势必 会削弱其竞争力,影响其可持续发展。 本文通过对AMT公司的分析,发现AMT公司比较有效地应对了市场风云突 变,在公司被集团出售、股东变更的情况下实现了平稳过渡。在力争早日实现独立 上市的目标前提下,公司内部进行了一系列改革,进一步缩减成本,开发适合本地 市场的新产品以应对日益激烈的市场竞争。在此情况下,为了防范人才流失,避免 陷入人才缺乏的泥潭,AMT公司在对人才的招聘、薪酬、福利和培训上做出了一 些改变,努力创造良好的就业环境,积极提升人才的吸引力和忠诚度。但是,AMT 公司没有将防范人才流失提升至公司战略的高度,其应对方案也仅体现在人才流失 个案的处理上。 为了探索适合外资企业的人才发展战略,防范人才流失,本文以AMT公司为 研究对象,结合AMT公司的发展状况以及人才流失现状,对企业所处的市场环境 和运营状况进行了分析,同时调查了其企业文化和绩效考核制度,还通过访谈的方 式对企业近期离职人员的离职原因进行了记录,分析出人才流失的主要原因,提出 AMT公司应从战略上正确看待人才流失问题,树立全面的用人观,确立防范人才 流失的基本原则,并构建出防范人才流失的整体框架。最后,运用需求层次理论、 激励理论等人力资源理论为理论基础从人力资源管理的各个过程,即招聘时期、用 人时期以及离职时期,从物质方面、精神方面以及人才的职业发展等方面提出了具 体的治理对策。这对于改善AMT公司的人力资源管理,遏制人才流失具有积极意 义。同时,本文的研究对国内其他同行外资企业也有一定的借鉴意义。 关键词:外资企业;AMT公司;人才流失 外资企业AMT公司人才流失研究 I Abstract "Talent" is an important factor for the development and success of enterprise in today's society. The competition between enterprises is essentially the competition of talents. Since China's reform and opening up and the deepening of market economy, talent flow becomes increasingly active, high turnover happens not only in state-owned or private enterprises, foreign enterprises also sinking into the dilemma of intensifying turnover. Turnover brings a lot of unstable factors, which seriously affects the development of foreign capital enterprise. AMT (China) Chemicals Ltd (hereinafter referred to as "AMT)") is a multinational and foreign-funded enterprise with high requirements for the work ability and loyalty of talents. In recent years, with the changes of the market and the internal management reform of the company, the turnover of AMT has an increasing trend. The continuous turnover will inevitably weaken the competitiveness and affect sustainable development of AMT. After analysis of AMT, this paper finds that AMT has effectively dealt with big changes of market situation and has achieved a smooth transition when the company was sold by the Group and the shareholders changed. Aiming to list independently as soon as possible, AMT has carried out a series of internal reforms to further reduce costs and develop new products for local market to cope with increasingly fierce market competition. In this case, in order to prevent turnover and avoid talent shortage, AMT has made some changes in the recruitment, salary, welfare and training for the talents, striving to create a good employment environment and actively improving the attraction and loyalty of talents. However, AMT has not upgraded the prevention of turnover as a company strategy, and its solutions were only reflected in the individual cases of turnover. In order to explore suitable talent development strategies and prevent turnover for foreign-funded enterprises, this paper takes AMT Company as the research object, surveys its development status as well as current turnover status, and analyzes the market environment and operating conditions. At the same time, this paper also analyzes its corporate culture and performance appraisal system, and records the reasons of recent resigned people by questionnaire survey. Then this paper figures out the main causes of turnover, puts forward that AMT should take a strategic point of view to turnover, establish a comprehensive view of human resources, set up basic principle of preventing Abstract II turnover and formulate an overall guideline. Finally, by using hierarchy of needs theory, incentive theory and other human resource theories as the theoretical basis, this paper puts forward specific countermeasures from the whole processes of human resource management, namely from recruitment period, employment period to the resignation period, and from material aspect, spiritual aspect and talent's career development aspect. These measures have positive significance for improving AMT Company’s human resource management and preventing turnover. At the same time, the research of this paper also has certain reference significance to other foreign enterprises of the same industry in China. Key words: foreign enterprise; AMT Company; turnover 外资企业AMT公司人才流失研究 1 目 录 导 论 ........................1 一、研究背景和研究意义 .........................1 二、文献综述 .............3 三、研究思路与方法..6 四、研究内容及论文的框架 .....................7 五、本文的创新研究..8 第一章 人才流失理论分析.......................9 第一节 人才流失相关概念与模型 ..............9 一、人才流失相关概念 .............................9 二、人才流失模型 ... 11 第二节 外资企业人才流失的特点 ............ 12 一、人才流失的常态化 ........................... 12 二、人才流失的高频率化 ....................... 13 三、高级人才流失严重化 ....................... 13 第三节 外资企业留才一般模式与措施 ..... 14 一、推进人才的本地化进程 ................... 14 二、提供有竞争力的薪酬福利................ 15 三、协助人才制定职业规划 ................... 15 四、推行情境化管理 16 第二章 AMT公司人才流失状况以及后果分析................ 17 第一节 AMT公司基本情况介绍 .............. 17 一、发展历程 ........... 17 二、基本情况 ........... 18 三、经营业绩 ........... 19 四、人力资源结构 ... 20 第二节 AMT公司人才流失状况分析 ....... 22 一、总体流失状况分析 ........................... 22 二、人才流失的特点 23 第三节 人才流失后果分析 ....................... 26 一、人才流失增加了人力资源成本 ........ 26 二、人才流失挫伤企业在职员工士气 .... 27 三、人才流失导致企业商业机密泄露 .... 28 四、人才流失损害企业良好商誉形象 .... 28 第四节 现行防范措施和效果 .................... 28 目录 2 一、招聘和绩效考核政策 ....................... 28 二、人才培训政策 ... 29 三、实习生计划 ....... 30 第三章 AMT公司人才流失原因分析 .. 31 第一节 企业外部原因分析 ....................... 31 一、经济形势 ........... 31 二、行业形势 ........... 32 第二节 企业内部原因分析 ....................... 33 一、专业人才保留机制不健全................ 33 二、公司历经重大变化 ........................... 33 三、薪酬制度不科学 34 四、绩效考核形式化严重 ....................... 35 五、企业内部原因分析总结 ................... 35 第三节 人才个人原因分析 ....................... 36 一、总体原因分析 ... 36 二、具体原因分析 ... 36 第四章 AMT公司解决人才流失的战略思考 ...................... 39 第一节 AMT公司人力资源的SWOT分析 ............................. 39 一、公司内部条件的优势和劣势 ............ 39 二、公司外部环境的机会和威胁 ............ 40 第二节 用人观及防范人才流失的基本原则 ............................ 41 一、树立全面的科学的用人观................ 41 二、确定防范人才流失的基本原则 ........ 42 三、防范人才流失的整体框架................ 44 第五章 AMT公司化解人才流失的具体对策 .................... 46 第一节 从招聘程序的源头遏制人才流失 . 46 一、坚持诚信沟通的原则 ....................... 46 二、坚持企业文化匹配原则 ................... 46 三、继续推进人才本地化进程................ 47 四、定期进行招聘评估 ........................... 47 五、加强校企合作 ... 48 第二节 在用人时期建立科学公正的制度体系 ........................ 48 一、正确