- I - 摘要 铁矿石作为钢铁行业主要原料，在钢铁成本中占比约60%，与钢铁工业的发展 密不可分。中国是世界上最大的铁矿石消费国。中国钢铁行业对于进口铁矿的使用 依存度较高。铁矿石贸易量的增长为经营铁矿石的贸易企业带来了巨大商机的同时， 也带来了巨大的挑战。铁矿石贸易企业想维持自身竞争力，必须制定出特色化的矿 石资源竞争战略，充分明确发挥自身的竞争优势。 首先，整理了企业竞争战略的相关理论，重点介绍了竞争战略理论、分类及常 见的分析方法，例如PEST方法、波特的五力模型、SWOT方法，为后续ZS公司竞 争战略的制定奠定基础。 其次，分析了ZS公司铁矿石业务内部及外部环境，并以秘鲁大粒度铁矿为主要 对象对其竞争力情况进行了分析。通过五力模型分析了影响ZS公司铁矿石业务相关 的五个重要因素。 再次，通过SWOT分析了ZS公司铁矿石业务的情况，在对ZS公司铁矿石业务 内外部的优势、劣势进行分析后，根据波特的三种竞争战略模式理论，并结合ZS公 司铁矿石业务自身条件的情况后，认为ZS公司铁矿石应采用充分调动公司优势的 SO战略，从而做出竞争战略选择是集中力量开展差异化竞争战略。 最后，介绍了ZS公司铁矿石竞争战略选择及实施保障，笔者认为需要通过创新 体制机制、强化资本运作、加快人才队伍培养、提升跨文化管理能力等手段做好竞 争战略实施的管理工作。 关键词：铁矿石业务；竞争战略；PEST分析；SWOT分析 燕山大学工商管理硕士学位论文 -II- Abstract As the main raw material of the steel industry, iron ore accounts for about 60% of the steel cost, which is closely related to the development of the steel industry. China is the world's largest consumer of iron ore. China's steel industry is highly dependent on imported iron ore. The increase in the volume of iron ore trade for trading enterprises operating iron ore has brought great business opportunities, but also brought great challenges. If iron ore trading enterprises want to maintain their competitiveness, they must develop a special competition strategy for mineral resources and give full play to their competitive advantages. First of all, this paper sorted out the relevant theories of enterprise competitive strategy, and mainly introduced the competitive strategy theory, classification and common analysis methods, such as PEST method of environment analysis, porter's five forces model and SWOT method, which laid a foundation for the subsequent development of ZS company's competitive strategy. Secondly, this paper analyzes the internal and external environment of ZS's iron ore business, and takes the large-size iron ore from Peru as the main object to analyze its competitiveness. Five important factors influencing ZS company’s iron ore business are analyzed through five forces model. Then, in this article, through the SWOT analysis of iron ore business, ZS company in ZS company's iron ore business internal and external advantages and disadvantages are analyzed, according to porter's three competitive strategy theory, and combining the ZS company's iron ore business of their own conditions, the author thinks that ZS company's iron ore should be used fully mobilize the company advantage SO strategy. The choice of competitive strategy is to focus on differentiated competitive strategy. Finally, this paper introduces the selection and implementation guarantee of the iron ore competition strategy of ZS Company. The author believes that it is necessary to manage the implementation of the competition strategy by innovating the system and mechanism, strengthening the capital operation, accelerating the training of talents, and Abstract -III- improve cross-cultural management. Keywords： iron ore business; competitive strategy; PEST analysis; SWOT analysis 目 录 -V- 目 录 摘要 ................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ................................................................................................................................ II 第1章 绪 论 .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景与意义 ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 研究背景 ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1.2 研究意义 ............................................................................................................ 2 1.2国内外研究现状及评述 ............................................................................................ 2 1.2.1 国外研究现状 .................................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 国内研究现状 .................................................................................................... 4 1.2.3国内外研究评述 ................................................................................................. 6 1.3研究内容及工具 ........................................................................................................ 6 1.3.1 研究内容 ............................................................................................................ 6 1.3.2 研究方法及工具 ................................................................................................ 6 第2章 相关理论概述 ........................................................................................................ 8 2.1 相关概念 ................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1战略及企业战略 ................................................................................................. 8 2.1.2竞争战略 ............................................................................................................. 8 2.2竞争战略的类型 ........................................................................................................ 9 2.3竞争战略分析工具 .................................................................................................... 9 2.3.1 PEST分析法 ........................................................................................................ 9 2.3.2 波特五力模型 .................................................................................................. 10 2.3.3 SWOT分析法 .................................................................................................... 11 2.4本章小结 .................................................................................................................. 12 第3章 ZS公司及铁矿石业务内部环境分析 ................................................................. 13 3.1 ZS公司基本情况 ..................................................................................................... 13 3.1.1 ZS公司简介 ...................................................................................................... 13 3.1.2 ZS公司组织结构及人力资源情况 .................................................................. 13 燕山大学工商管理硕士学位论文 -VI- 3.1.3 ZS公司经营情况 .............................................................................................. 14 3.2 ZS公司矿产部基本情况 ......................................................................................... 15 3.3 ZS公司经营的铁矿石业务分析 ............................................................................. 16 3.3.1 秘鲁铁矿业务 .................................................................................................. 17 3.3.2 主流矿业务 ...................................................................................................... 18 3.4 ZS公司铁矿石业务内部基本情况 ......................................................................... 18 3.4.1 品牌 .................................................................................................................. 19 3.4.2货源 ................................................................................................................... 19 3.4.3物流 .........................................................................................................