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I 摘要 网络技术的发展优化了信息的传播方式,为旅游者的旅游决策提供了便捷的 信息通道。近年来红色旅游的活跃吸引了许多游客的关注,他们通过搜索引擎获 得旅游信息,同时这些浏览痕迹也汇聚成红色旅游大数据,为研究与数据相关的 旅游者行为提供了可能。本文基于百度指数平台,以红色旅游为研究主体,2011 年至2018年为研究时间段,收集我国31个省市(除港澳台)红色旅游网络关注 度的数据,对数据进行时间和空间上的分析得出我国红色旅游网络关注度的特征, 并对其影响因素进行空间上的分析,结论如下: (1)时间层面:从年特征来讲,我国红色旅游网络关注度的年际变动指数在 2011至2018年间整体呈上升趋势,总体上我国红色旅游的网络关注度呈现持续增 加态势,发展势头较好;从季节特征来讲,8年间季节性集中指数的数值都是 8.2467,说明我国红色旅游的网络关注度在季节上一直呈现较大的差异;从节假 日特征来讲,各年特殊节日周我国红色旅游网络关注度的周内分布指数都小于0, 这表明游客在互联网上对红色旅游的搜索集中在节日周的前半部分。 (2)空间层面:总体来说,空间上我国31个省市的红色旅游网络关注度分 布不均匀,以黑河腾冲线为界,以东地区的网络关注度较高,以西地区的网络关 注度较低;从地理集中指数、基尼系数和变异系数的计算结果来看,2011至2016 年红色旅游网络关注度的空间差异整体逐渐增大,有集聚的趋势,但2017至2018 年差异减小,离散程度增大;从七大区域来看,华中和东北地区的区内差异较小, 华南和西北地区的区内差异最大,区域间基尼系数呈现波动趋势。总体上,我国 网民对红色旅游的关注度一直存在区域上的差异。 (3)影响因素层面:在研究年份红色旅游水平、旅游发展水平、经济发展水 平、人民生活水平、互联网发展水平、教育发展水平、人口规模水平、交通条件 水平和配套设施水平九个影响因素在全局视角和局部视角均对我国红色旅游网络 关注度呈现出正向影响作用。对比OLS和GWR模型的参数发现,GWR模型的拟合优 度和解释程度更佳,通过分析GWR模型结果可知,选取影响因素对我国红色旅游 网络关注度的影响都呈现出空间的异质性。红色旅游水平对红色旅游网络关注度 的促进表现出东北和华北地区强西北地区弱的态势;旅游发展水平对红色旅游网 络关注度的影响呈现出从东北到西南递减的区域分层现象;经济发展水平空间分 布图整体呈现从东至西回归系数递增的趋势;整体上人民生活水平对红色旅游网 络关注度的影响程度西部高于中部,中部高于东部;互联网发展水平回归系数呈 摘要 II 现从西北到东南逐渐递减的空间分层现象;教育水平回归系数呈现由西向东递减 的态势;人口规模回归系数呈现从北到南递减趋势;西藏、青海和海南的网络关 注度对公路里程的敏感度较高;配套设施水平的回归系数整体上呈现从西北到东 南递减的态势。 基于发现提出建议:深度挖掘红色资源、创新开发旅游项目、借力互联网旅 游数据、实行差异化旅游营销、深入开展爱国主义教育、广泛弘扬民族时代精神 提升旅游基础设施建设和注重旅游从业人员培养。 关键词:红色旅游;影响因素;网络关注度;时空特征 Abstract III Abstract Thedevelopmentofnetworktechnologyoptimizesthewayofinformation transmissionandprovidesconvenientinformationchannelsfortourists’traveldecisions. Inrecentyears,theactivityofredtourismhasattractedtheattentionofmanytourists. Theyobtaintravelinformationthroughsearchengines.Atthesametime,these browsingtracesalsoconvergeintobigdataofredtourism,whichmakesitpossibleto studythedata-relatedtouristbehaviors.BasedontheBaiduindexplatform,withred tourismastheresearchsubject,andtheresearchperiodfrom2011to2018.Thisarticle collectsdataontheredtourismnetworkattentionof31provincesandcitiesinChina (exceptHongKong,MacaoandTaiwan),andconductstemporalandspatialanalysison thedata.Accordingtotheanalysis,thecharacteristicsofredtourismnetworkattention areobtained,anditsinfluencingfactorsareanalyzedspatially.Theconclusionsareas follows: (1)Fromtheperspectiveoftime.Intermsofannualcharacteristics,theinterannual changeindexofredtourismnetworkattentioninChinashowedanoverallupwardtrend from2011to2018.Onthewhole,redtourismnetworkattentioninChinahascontinued toincreaseandthedevelopmentmomentumisgood.Intermsofseasonalcharacteristics, thevalueoftheseasonalconcentrationindexforalleightyearsis8.2467,indicating thatthenetworkattentionofredtourisminChinahasalwaysshownalargedifference inseasons.Intermsofholidaycharacteristics,thedistributionindexofredtourism networkattentionineachyearislessthan0,whichindicatesthatthesearchforred tourismontheInternetismainlyonthefirsthalfoftheholidayweek. (2)Fromtheperspectiveofspace,ingeneral,theattentiondistributionofred tourismnetworkin31provincesandcitiesinChinaisnotuniform,withHeihe- Tengchonglineastheboundary.Thenetworkattentionintheeastisrelativelyhigh, whilethatinthewestisrelativelylow.Accordingtothecalculationresultsof geographicconcentrationindex,Ginicoefficientandcoefficientofvariation,thespatial differenceofredtourismnetworkattentiongraduallyincreasedfrom2011to2016,with thetrendofclustering,butthedifferencedecreasedfrom2017to2018,andthe dispersiondegreeincreased.Fromtheperspectiveofthesevenregions,thedifference betweencentralChinaandnortheastChinaissmall,whilethedifferencebetweensouth Abstract IV ChinaandnorthwestChinaislarger,andtheGinicoefficientbetweenregionsshowsa trendoffluctuation.Ingeneral,thereareregionaldifferencesintheattentionofChinese netizenstoredtourism. (3)Asfortheinfluencefactors,thelevelofredtourism,theleveloftourism development,thelevelofeconomicdevelopment,people'slivingstandard,thelevelof Internetdevelopment,thelevelofeducationdevelopment,populationscale,traffic conditionsandfacilitieslevelsinthestudyyearpresentapositiveimpactonbothglobal andlocalperspectivetotheredtourismnetworkattentioninChina.Bycomparingthe parametersofOLSandGWRmodel,itisfoundthatthegoodnessoffitandexplanation ofGWRmodelarebetter.ByanalyzingtheresultsofGWRmodel,itcanbeseenthat theinfluenceofselectedinfluencingfactorsontheredtourismnetworkattention presentsspatialheterogeneity.Thepromotionofredtourismleveltotheattentionofred tourismnetworkshowsthatnortheastChinaandnorthChinaarestrongandnorthwest Chinaisweak.Theinfluenceoftourismdevelopmentlevelontheattentionofred tourismnetworkshowsaregionalstratificationphenomenonfromnortheastto southwest.Thespatialdistributionmapofeconomicdevelopmentlevelshowsan overalltrendofincreasingregressioncoefficientfromeasttowest.Onthewhole,the influenceofpeople'slivingstandardontheredtourismnetworkishigherinthewest thaninthemiddle,andhigherinthemiddlethanintheeast.Theregressioncoefficient ofInternetdevelopmentlevelgraduallydecreasesfromnorthwesttosoutheast.The regressioncoefficientofeducationleveldecreasesfromwesttoeast.Theregression coefficientofpopulationsizeisdecreasingfromnorthtosouth.Thenetworkattention inTibet,QinghaiandHainanishighlysensitivetothelengthofroad.Theregression coefficientofthelevelofsupportingfacilitiesisdecreasingfromnorthwesttosoutheast. Suggestionsaremadebasedonthefindings,in-depthminingofredresourcesand innovativedevelopmentoftourismprojects,leveragingInternettourismdataand implementdifferentiatedtravelmarketing,carryingoutin-depthpatriotismeducation andextensivelypromotethenationalspiritofthetimes,improvingtourism infrastructureandfocusontrainingtourismprofessionals. KeyWords:Redtourism;influencingfactors;networkattention;spatialand temporaldifferentiation 目录 V 目录 第1章绪论...................1 1.1研究背景.........1 1.1.1新时代下的红色旅游发展..1 1.1.2政府大力支持发展红色旅游.............................1 1.1.3互联网发展助力旅游信息集聚.........................2 1.2研究意义..........2 1.2.1理论意义..............................2 1.2.2现实意义..............................3 1.3研究内容与技术路线.....................3 1.3.1研究内容..............................3 1.3.2研究框架..............................4 第2章相关概念及理论综述......................5 2.1相关概念界定..5 2.1.1红色旅游..............................5 2.1.2网络关注度..........................5 2.2相关理论基础..6 2.2.1体验经济理论......................6 2.2.2旅游区位理论......................7 2.2.3空间异质性理论..................7 2.3国内外研究进展.............................8 2.3.1红色旅游研究......................8 2.3.2旅游网络关注度研究........11 2.3.3研究评述............................12 第3章研究方法与数据来源....................14 3.1研究方法........14 3.1.1年际变动指数....................14 3.1.2季节性集中指数................14 3.1.3周内分布指数....................14 目录 VI 3.1.4变异系数............................15 3.1.5地