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I 摘要 工业机器人作为现代制造技术发展的重要标志之一和新兴技术产业,在现代企 业生产中具有重要意义,相比人工作业,它们具备稳定性和持久性。随着工业机器 人智能化水平的不断推进和劳动力成本的日益提高,国外越来越多的制造企业大量 的采用由工业机器人组成的自动化生产线来代替人工作业生产线,以稳定产品品质, 提高生产效率,增强企业竞争力。尤其在汽车零部件行业,机器人被广泛的应用于 生产之中。在人力成本不断攀升、国内汽车零部件企业成本压力日趋激烈的行业新 常态时代背景下,机器人生产线能够满足企业多车型、柔性化、高效率、大批量的 生产需求,导入工业机器人生产线来代替人工作业生产线必然成为未来生产革新的 趋势。同时,机器人生产线同样也存在着前期导入成本高、生产线设计技术要求高 等问题。因此对于国内汽车零部件企业而言,分析研究工业机器人生产线的设计方 法和投资成本就变得具有现实意义。 本文以分析整理国内外相关文献资料为基础,结合本人实际工作经验,采用对 比分析等研究方法,以A公司悬架焊接生产线为研究对象,阐述机器人焊接生产线 的具体设计方法及投资成本,并与人工焊接生产线的投资成本进行对比分析,遵照 提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的逻辑来展开研究:首先分析了本课题研究背景及 意义、工业机器人和机器人焊接生产线的国内外研究现状。其次分析了机器人本体、 焊接系统、控制系统等机器人生产线系统的构成和投资收益理论分析方法,为论文 的后续研究提供了必要的理论支持。再次介绍了A公司的具体情况和对人工生产线 现状进行分析,提出了人工生产线的问题点,对人员、效率、质量等方面的问题进 行梳理分析。最后从硬件和系统设计、工艺流程及布局等方面,详细提出了机器人 生产线的设计与实施方案,同时依托于设计方案得出了其投资成本结果,并运用回 收期等方法对人工生产线和自动化生产线的投资成本进行了对比分析。 本论文通过A公司的实际案例比较得出机器人生产线的成本优势所在,解决了 汽车白车身悬架机器人自动化焊接生产线的设计及成本核算问题,能够使其他同行 业企业有所借鉴,在未来激烈的市场竞争中能够提高企业竞争力,获得可持续性发 展的竞争力。 关键词:工业机器人;投资成本;焊接生产线 广东工业大学硕士学位论文 II ABSTRACT Asoneoftheimportantsignsofthedevelopmentofmodernmanufacturing technologyandtheemergingtechnologyindustry,industrialrobotsareofgreat significanceinmodernenterpriseproductionparedwithmanualwork,theyhave stabilityanddurability.Withthedevelopmentoftheintelligentlevelofindustrialrobots andtheincreasingcostoflabor,moreandmoreforeignmanufacturingenterprisesuse theautomaticproductionlinecomposedofindustrialrobotstoreplacethemanual productionline,inordertostabilizeproductquality,improveproductionefficiencyand enhancethecompetitivenessofenterprises.Especiallyintheautopartsindustry,robots arewidelyusedinproduction.Underthebackgroundofthenewnormaleraoftherising humancostandtheincreasinglyfiercecostpressureofdomesticautopartsenterprises, robotproductionlinecanmeettheproductionneedsofenterpriseswithmultiplemodels, flexibility,highefficiencyandmassproduction.Theintroductionofindustrialrobot productionlinetoreplacemanualproductionlineisboundtobecomethetrendof productioninnovationinthefuture.Atthesametime,therobotproductionlinealsohas theproblemsofhighimportcostandhightechnicalrequirementsofproductionline design.Therefore,fordomesticautopartsenterprises,itisofpracticalsignificanceto analyzeandstudythedesignmethodandinvestmentcostofindustrialrobotproduction line. Inthispaper,basedontheanalysisandarrangementofrelevantdomesticand foreignliterature,combinedwithmypracticalworkexperience,usingcomparative analysisandotherresearchmethods,takingthesuspensionweldingproductionlineof companyAastheresearchobject,thespecificdesignmethodandinvestmentcostof robotweldingproductionLinearedescribed,andcomparedwiththeinvestmentcostof manualweldingproductionline,accordingtotheproposedproblems,analysisproblems andsolutions.Themainresearchcontentsareasfollows:firstly,theresearchbackground andsignificanceofthistopic,theresearchstatusofindustrialrobotsandrobotwelding productionlinesathomeandabroadareanalyzed.Secondly,thecompositionofrobot productionlinesystemsuchasrobotbody,weldingsystemandcontrolsystemandthe theoreticalanalysismethodofinvestmentincomeareanalyzed,whichprovides necessarytheoreticalsupportforthefollow-upresearchofthepaper.Again,itintroduces thespecificsituationofcompanyAandanalyzesthecurrentsituationofthemanual ABSTRACT III productionline,putsforwardtheproblemsofthemanualproductionline,andcombsand analyzestheproblemsofpersonnel,efficiency,quality,etc.Finally,fromtheaspectsof hardwareandsystemdesign,technologicalprocessandlayout,thedesignand implementationschemeofrobotproductionlineisputforwardindetail,andtheresultof investmentcostisobtainedbasedonthedesignscheme,andtheinvestmentcostof manualproductionlineandautomaticproductionlineiscomparedandanalyzedby meansofpaybackperiod. Inthispaper,throughtheactualcasecomparisonofcompanyA,thecostadvantage oftherobotproductionlineisobtained,andtheproblemofdesignandcostaccounting oftheautomaticweldingproductionlineofautomobilebodyinwhitesuspensionrobotis solved.Sothatothersimilarenterprisescanlearnfrom,inthefuturefiercemarket competitioncanimprovethecompetitivenessofenterprises,toobtainsustainable developmentcompetitiveness. KeyWords:IndustrialRobotInvestmentCostWeldingProductionLine 广东工业大学硕士学位论文 IV 目录 摘要.........................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................II 目录.......................................................................................................................................IV CONTENTS..........................................................................................................................VII 第一章绪论...........................................................................................................................1 1.1研究背景及研究意义....................................................................................................1 1.1.1研究背景.................................................................................................................1 1.1.2研究意义.................................................................................................................2 1.2国内外研究现状............................................................................................................3 1.2.1工业机器人国内外研究现状.................................................................................3 1.2.2机器人焊接生产线国外研究现状.........................................................................5 1.3主要研究内容................................................................................................................7 1.4研究方法与框架............................................................................................................8 第二章相关概念和理论基础...............................................................................................10 2.1工业机器人介绍..........................................................................................................10 2.1.1机器人概念...........................................................................................................10 2.1.2机器人驱动系统...................................................................................................11 2.1.3机器人控制系统...................................................................................................11 2.1.4机器人传感系统...................................................................................................13 2.2机器人生产线系统构成..............................................................................................13 2.2.1焊接夹具及输送系统...........................................................................................13 2.2.2焊接系统...............................................................................................................14 2.2.3安全防护系统.......................................................................................................16 2.2.4生产线控制系统....................................