银行信用贷款业务是银行主营业务之一，通过有效控制信用贷款风险，可以保障银行经 营活动的安全性并获得相对稳定的收益。本文以中国建设银行石河子分行为例，结合信息不 对称理论以及笔者在银行工作的实际经验，分析小微企业信贷风险的来源并参考企业生命周 期理论以及信贷配给理论，提出了一些降低小微企业信贷风险的措施，以期帮助石河子分行 提升信贷业务水平。 本文首先对小微企业的概念和特点进行了阐述，目前小微企业在我国企业中占比最高， 小微企业存在分布范围广、企业规模小、区域差异显著、风险承受能力低、信息披露程度低 等特点，无形中增大了小微企业的信贷风险，需要银行重点关注。 随后本文对中国建设银行石河子分行小微企业信贷业务及其风险进行了分析，目前随着 石河子地区的经济不断发展，小微企业数量不断上升，石河子分行的信贷业务量也在逐年增 加，但不良贷款率也出现了升高的情况，根据近几年的统计数据，石河子分行的不良贷款率 已高于全国均值，通过从宏观、小微企业和银行自身三个方面对当前出现的风险进行了归纳。 本文从信贷业务流程、信贷业务管理、信贷业务技术支持三个方面，对石河子分行的信 贷风险管理工作中存在的问题进行了分析，发现在信贷业务流程方面存在贷前信用评价不健 全、贷时审查监督不到位、贷后检查工作有盲区等问题，在信贷业务管理方面存在小微企业 创新型金融产品缺失、担保方式过于保守、信贷人员缺乏合规意识及业务素质等问题，在信 贷业务技术支持方面存在风险管控信息系统建设不足、大数据平台利用欠缺等问题，这些问 题综合作用，最终导致石河子分行信贷风险较高。 最后为了能够提升石河子分行的小微企业信贷风险管理能力，笔者参考企业生命周期理 论、信贷配给理论以及国内外优秀银行的管理经验，从优化信贷业务流程、完善信贷业务风 险管理机制、提升信息技术水平三个方面，提出了一系列建议，以期帮助石河子分行实现风 险管理能力的提升并为国内出现类似问题的银行提供理论借鉴。 关键词：金融管理；小微企业；信用贷款；风险管理 II Abstract The bank credit loan business is one of the main business of the bank, and it is also an important profit source of the bank. At present, with the continuous frequent non-governmental economic activities in China, a large number of small and micro enterprises begin to appear. Due to the small total fixed assets of small and micro enterprises and the difficulty of venture capital financing, bank credit loan has become an important source of financing for small and micro enterprises. However, small and micro enterprises have the characteristics of poor operation stability and low credit level, which makes banks undertake the credit business of small and micro enterprises Take a higher risk. Taking Shihezi branch of China Construction Bank as an example, combined with the theory of information asymmetry and the practical experience of the author's work in the bank, puts forward some measures to reduce the credit risk of small and micro enterprises with reference to the theory of enterprise life cycle and credit rationing theory, in order to help Shihezi branch improve the level of credit business. Small and micro enterprises have the characteristics of wide distribution, small enterprise scale, significant regional differences, low risk tolerance and low degree of information disclosure, which make small and micro enterprises appear in credit business that can not be ignored Risk. Then this paper analyzes the small and micro enterprise credit business and its risks of China Construction Bank Shihezi branch. At present, with the continuous economic development of Shihezi region, the number of small and micro enterprises is increasing, and the credit business volume of Shihezi branch is also increasing year by year, but the non-performing loan rate is also rising. According to the statistical data in recent years, the non-performing loan of Shihezi branch The payment rate has been higher than the national average value. By summarizing the current risks, at the macro level, Shihezi branch mainly faces macro policy risks, regional economic risks and regional economic risks, among which the local bad economic environment is the key to the aggravation of bank risks. At the level of small and micro enterprises, Shihezi branch is directly faced with the risk of loan default due to the weak risk resistance of small and micro enterprises, the weak awareness of corporate loan repayment, the lack of effective collateral or collateral, etc.; at the level of banks themselves, the imperfect internal credit evaluation system, the risk of credit management system, and the lack of experience of loan staff also cause the risk of Shihezi branch There are some defects in insurance control. Good credit risk management can effectively reduce the risk of bank credit business. In order to explore the reasons for the high risk of credit business in Shihezi branch, the credit risk management of Shihezi branch from the following three aspects: credit business process, credit business management and credit business technical support, and finds that in the credit business III process In the aspect of credit management, there are some problems, such as imperfect credit evaluation before loan, inadequate review and supervision during loan, blind area in post loan inspection, lack of innovative financial products of small and micro enterprises, conservative guarantee methods, lack of compliance awareness and business quality of credit personnel, and insufficient construction of risk management and control information system in the aspect of technical support for credit business Due to the lack of utilization of big data platform and other problems, the comprehensive effect of these problems eventually led to the high credit risk of Shihezi branch. Finally, in order to improve the credit risk management ability of small and micro enterprises in Shihezi branch, the author refers to the enterprise life cycle theory, credit rationing theory and the management experience of excellent banks at home and abroad, and puts forward a series of suggestions from three aspects: optimizing the credit business process, improving the risk management mechanism of credit business and improving the level of information technology, with a view to helping Shihezi branch to realize At present, the improvement of risk management ability can provide theoretical reference for domestic banks with similar problems. Key words: financial management, small and micro enterprises, credit loan, risk management IV 目 录 摘要 ....................................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... II 第一章 绪论 ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1研究背景与意义 ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1研究背景 ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2研究意义 ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.2国内外研究综述 ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1国外研究综述 ............................................................................................................ 3 1.2.2国内研究综述 ............................................................................................................ 3 1.3研究内容与研究方法............................................................................................................. 5 1.3.1研究内容 ..................................................................................................................... 5 1.3.2研究方法 ..................................................................................................................... 7 第二章 相关概念与基础理论 ...............................................................................