II 摘要 I 摘要 汽车制造业是我国国民经济的支柱产业之一。截止到2018年底，我国全年 汽车产销分别完成2780.9万辆和2808.1万辆，产销量连续十年位列全球首位。 我国已成为名副其实的汽车产销量大国。2018年，由于受宏观经济增速放缓、 中美贸易摩擦等不利因素的影响，我国汽车产业增速乏力，但国内汽车产业仍有 较大的市场需求。近年来，我国汽车行业深入贯彻创新发展理念，积极推进产业 转型升级，深化创新，不断推动行业高质量发展。上海汽车集团股份有限公司 （以下简称“上汽集团”）作为国内车企中的领军企业，在市场占有率和市场价 值方面均保持国内同行业第一。为了帮助利益相关者更加清楚地认识企业的财务 状况，本文选择使用哈佛分析框架对上汽集团做出全面的财务分析。 本文首先阐述了财务分析的相关文献和哈佛框架的基本理论，并且介绍了 上汽集团的基本情况，然后从哈佛分析框架的四个维度，即战略、会计、财务、 前景四方面对上汽集团展开分析。本文通过战略分析得出了上汽集团符合自身发 展的战略定位；通过对上汽集团资产中规模较大的科目进行会计分析，得出该企 业的会计政策及会计估计都符合企业会计准则要求这一结论；通过财务分析，并 且与广汽集团、东风汽车、长安汽车的财务指标进行对比，得出上汽集团在偿债 能力、营运能力、盈利能力和成长能力这四个方面的优势与不足；最后根据汽车 行业面临的机遇和挑战，结合上汽集团面临的行业风险进行前景分析。本文将文 献研究法、案例研究法、对比分析法等研究方法，全面细致地应用于研究分析之 中。本文指出了上汽集团需要改进的地方，为上汽集团的未来发展提供了合理化 的建议。上汽集团作为国内汽车行业的领军企业，在日趋复杂的宏观环境和严格 的政策制度下，只有不断调整自己，才能在未来激烈的市场竞争中保持自己的优 势地位。 关键词：财务分析；哈佛分析框架；上汽集团 论文类型：应用类 选题来源：其他 ABSTRACT III ABSTRACT Automobilemanufacturingindustryisoneofthepillarindustriesofournational economy.Bytheendof2018,China'sannualautomobileproductionandsaleswere 27.809millionand28.081millionrespectively,rankingfirstintheworldforten consecutiveyears.Chinahasbecomeaveritableautoproductionandsalescountry.In 2018,duetotheadversefactorssuchastheslowdownofmacro-economicgrowthand SinoUStradefriction,thegrowthrateofChina'sautomobileindustryisweak,butthe domesticautomobileindustrystillhasalargemarketdemand.Inrecentyears,China's automobileindustryhasthoroughlyimplementedtheconceptofinnovative development,activelypromotedindustrialtransformationandupgrading,deepened innovation,andconstantlypromotedhigh-qualitydevelopmentoftheindustry. ShanghaiAutomobileGroupCo.,Ltd.(hereinafterreferredtoas"SAICGroup"),asa leadingenterpriseindomesticautomobileenterprises,maintainsthefirstpositionin thesameindustryintermsofmarketshareandmarketvalue.Inordertohelp stakeholdersmoreclearlyunderstandthefinancialsituationoftheenterprise,this paperchoosestousetheHarvardanalysisframeworktomakeacomprehensive financialanalysisofSAICGroup. Thispaperfirstexpoundstherelevantliteratureoffinancialanalysisandthebasic theoryofHarvardframework,andintroducesthebasicsituationofSAICGroup,then analyzesSAICGroupfromfourdimensionsofHarvardanalysisframework,namely strategy,accounting,financeandprospect.Throughstrategicanalysis,thispaperdraws theconclusionthatSAICGroupisinlinewithitsowndevelopmentstrategic positioning;throughaccountinganalysisofthelarge-scalesubjectsinSAICGroup's assets,itcomestotheconclusionthattheaccountingpoliciesandaccountingestimates oftheenterpriseareinlinewiththerequirementsofaccountingstandardsfor enterprises;throughfinancialanalysis,itiscomparedwiththefinancialindicatorsof GACgroup,DongfengMotorandChang'anMotor,Itconcludestheadvantagesand disadvantagesofSAICinfouraspects:solvency,operationability,profitabilityand growthability.Finally,accordingtotheopportunitiesandchallengesfacedbythe automobileindustry,itanalyzestheprospectoftheindustryrisksfacedbySAIC.In thispaper,literatureresearch,casestudy,comparativeanalysisandotherresearch methodsareappliedtoresearchandanalysiscomprehensivelyandcarefully.This ABSTRACT IV paperpointsouttheimprovementofSAICGroupandprovidesreasonablesuggestions foritsfuturedevelopment.Asaleadingenterpriseinthedomesticautomobileindustry, SAICGroupcanmaintainitsdominantpositioninthefiercemarketcompetitioninthe futureonlybyconstantlyadjustingitselfundertheincreasinglycomplexmacro environmentandstrictpolicysystem. KEYWORDS:Financialanalysis;Harvardanalysisframework;SAICmotor corporationlimited DissertationType:Applicationcalss SubjectSource:Others 目录 V 目录 第一章绪论..................................................................................................1 第一节研究背景及意义............................................................................................1 一、研究背景..........................................................................................................1 二、研究意义..........................................................................................................1 第二节国内外研究综述............................................................................................2 一、国外研究现状..................................................................................................2 二、国内研究现状..................................................................................................4 三、总结..................................................................................................................5 第三节研究思路、内容及方法................................................................................5 一、研究思路..........................................................................................................5 二、研究内容........................................................................................................5 三、研究方法........................................................................................................6 第二章财务分析概念和方法.....................................................................7 第一节财务分析概念................................................................................................7 第二节哈佛分析框架理论........................................................................................7 一、战略分析..........................................................................................................8 二、会计分析..........................................................................................................8 三、财务分析..........................................................................................................8 四、前景分析..........................................................................................................9 第三章上汽集团基于哈佛分析框架的财务分析................................11 第一节上汽集团基本情况......................................................................................11 一、公司基本情况.................................................................................................11 二、公司主要业绩指标.........................................................................................11 第二节上汽集团战略分析......................................................................................13 一、上汽集团面临的宏观环境分析....................................................................13 二、上汽集团面临的行业环境分析....................................................................16 三、上汽集团面临的战略定位............................................................................17 第三节上汽集团会计分析......................................................................................17 一、重要报表项目选取......................................................................................17 目录 VI 二、会计信息质量分析........................................................................................21 第四节上汽集团财务分析......................................................................................21 一、偿债能力分析................................................................................................21 二、营运能力分析................................................................................................23