当前，尽管我国制造业面临着潜在市场规模庞大，创新能力提高以及人才质 量不断提升等发展机遇，但是其关键技术突破难度大，技术迭代升级持续时间长， 企业创新能力不足，未形成核心竞争力的挑战依旧不能忽视，而要从根本上化解 这些难题，需要依靠微观企业持续的创新投入。微观企业不仅要突破现有技术进 行探索式创新投入，获得长期的创新动力，也需要利用和改进现有技术进行开发 式创新投入，保持现有的竞争优势。在企业的生存发展过程中，管理者作为企业 前进的风向标，对包括企业创新投入在内的相关战略决策拥有绝对话语权，因此 在企业创新投入的方式和数额等决策中会带有高管特质的烙印。而在高管特质 中，高管从军经历可以通过重塑个人价值观和个性影响管理者的行为模式和管理 风格，从而对包括企业创新投入在内的一系列企业活动产生持久影响。在此基础 上，政府支持因具有直接资源补助和间接名声效应，是企业管理者进行决策时势 必会纳入考虑范畴的重要外部环境之一，因此本文将政府支持纳入研究框架，深 挖三者关系，明确三者之间的影响机制，从而为企业之后的经营决策提供理论依 据。 本文选取2008-2017年沪深A股上市的制造业企业作为研究样本，用 stata14.0等计量软件对数据进行了实证检验，得到了一系列结论。研究发现：（1） 高管从军经历与企业探索式创新投入呈显著的负相关关系，与企业开发式创新投 入呈显著的正相关关系；（2）将全样本分成国有企业和非国有企业两个子样本， 在非国有企业子样本中，高管从军经历对企业双元创新投入的影响更大；（3） 将高管具有从军经历的全样本分成高管服兵役经历和除服兵役之外的其他从军 经历两部分，发现在高管具有服兵役经历子样本中，高管从军经历对企业双元创 新投入的影响更大；（4）将政府支持分为政府直接补贴和税收优惠两种方式， 作为调节变量，发现政府直接补贴会显著削弱高管从军经历与探索式创新投入的 负相关关系，并显著增强高管从军经历与开发式创新投入的正相关关系，其中， 政府直接补贴对高管从军经历与探索式创新投入关系的影响更大，而税收优惠对 两者关系的影响并不显著。最后，本文在研究结论的基础上提出了相应的对策和 建议。 关键词：高管特征；从军经历；政府支持；探索式创新；开发式创新 II Abstract Manufacturingindustryisthefoundationofanationandthefoundationofa strongcountry,whichfundamentallydeterminesthecomprehensivestrengthand internationalcompetitivenessofacountry.Atpresent,althoughthemanufacturingis facingdevelopmentopportunitiessuchasalargepotentialmarket,improved innovationcapabilities,andcontinuousimprovementinthequalityoftalent,itlacks keycoretechnologiesandindependentbrands.Thebasicindustriesareweak,and corporateinnovationcapabilitiesareinsufficient.Challengescannotbeignored.To fundamentallysolvetheseproblems,wemustrelyoninnovationinputand technologicalprogresstocomprehensivelyimprovethecompetitivenessofthe manufacturingindustry.Enterpriseinnovationinvestmentisanimportantpartof corporatestrategicdecision-making.Managersimplementmanagementpractices basedontheinternalandexternalenvironmentoftheenterprise.Therefore,the personalcharacteristicsofseniorexecutivesplayacrucialroleindeterminingthe amountofenterpriseinnovationinvestment.Inthecharacteristicsofexecutives,the militaryexperienceofexecutivescaninfluencemanagers'behaviorpatternsand managementstylesbyreshapingpersonalvaluesandpersonalities,andthushavea lastingimpactonarangeofcorporateactivities,includingcorporateinnovation investment.Onthisbasis,governmentsupportisoneoftheimportantexternal environmentalfactorsthatcorporatemanagerswilldefinitelyconsiderwhenmaking decisions,becauseofdirectfinancialsubsidiesandindirectreputationeffects. Therefore,thisarticleincorporatesgovernmentsupportintotheresearchframework anddeeplyexplorestherelationshipbetweenthethree,soastoprovideatheoretical basisforthecompany'sfuturebusinessdecisions. ThisarticleselectsthemanufacturingcompanieslistedontheShanghaiand Shenzhenstockexchangesfrom2008to2017asresearchsamples.Thedatawas testedempiricallyusingmeasurementsoftwaresuchasstata14.0,andaseriesof conclusionswereobtained.Thestudyfoundthat:(1)Theexperienceofexecutivesin thearmyhasasignificantnegativecorrelationwiththeexploratoryinnovation investmentoftheenterprise,andasignificantpositivecorrelationwiththe developmentalinnovationinvestmentoftheenterprise;(2)Theentiresampleis dividedintotwotypes:state-ownedenterprisesandnon-state-ownedenterprises.In III thesampleofnon-state-ownedenterprises,theexperienceofexecutivesinthe militaryhasagreaterimpactonthedualinnovationinvestmentoftheenterprise;(3) Fullsampleofexecutiveswithmilitaryexperienceisdividedintoexecutivemilitary serviceexperienceandotherservicesinadditiontomilitaryservice.Inthetwoparts ofmilitaryexperience,itisfoundthatinthesub-sampleofseniormilitaryservice experience,theseniormilitaryexperiencehasagreaterimpactonthedualinnovation investmentoftheenterprise;(4)Joiningthegovernmentintherelationshipbetween theseniormilitaryexperienceandthedualinnovationinvestmentoftheenterprise. Supportisusedasamoderatingvariable,andgovernmentsupportisdividedintotwo types:directgovernmentsubsidiesandtaxincentives.Itisfoundthatdirect governmentsubsidieswillsignificantlyweakenthenegativecorrelationbetweenthe experienceofexecutivesinthearmyandtheexploratoryinnovationofenterprises, andwillsignificantlyenhancetheexecutivesinthearmyandthedevelopment innovationofenterprises.Directgovernmentsubsidieshaveagreaterimpactonthe relationshipbetweenthemilitaryexperienceofseniorexecutivesandexploratory innovationinvestmentButtheimpactoftaxincentivesontherelationshipbetween thetwoisnotsignificant.Finally,thisarticleputsforwardcorresponding suggestionsbasedontheresearchconclusions. Keywords:Executivecharacteristics;Militaryexperience;Governmentsupport; Theexploratoryinnovation;TheDevelopmentalinnovation IV 目录 摘要.......................................................................................................................I Abstract..................................................................................................................II 第1章绪论..........................................................................................................1 1.1研究背景.................................................................................................1 1.2研究意义.................................................................................................3 1.2.1理论意义......................................................................................3 1.2.2现实意义......................................................................................3 1.3国内外研究现状.....................................................................................4 1.3.1企业双元创新的研究动态..........................................................4 1.3.2高管从军经历与企业创新的研究动态......................................5 1.3.3政府支持与企业创新的研究动态..............................................6 1.4研究内容与论文基本架构.....................................................................7 1.5研究方法和创新之处.............................................................................8 1.5.1研究方法......................................................................................8 1.5.2创新之处......................................................................................8 第2章相关概念与理论基础............................................................................10 2.1相关概念界定.......................................................................................10 2.1.1具有从军经历的高管概念界定................................................10 2.1.2政府支持概念界定....................................................................10 2.1.3双元创新概念界定....................................................................11 2.2相关理论基础.......................................................................................12 2.2.1烙印理论....................................................................................12 2.2.2高阶理论....................................................................................13 2.2.3资源基础观................................................................................14 2.3高管从军经历、政府支持与企业双元创新投入的相关理论分析...15 2.3.1高管从军经历对企业双元创新投入的影响机理....................15 2.3.2高管从军经历、政