I 摘要 埃格工艺处理氯丁橡胶生产废水的可行性研究 针对我国企业发展的规律，由过去长期的粗放型发展所导致的环境问题对 我们的日常生活威胁越来越大，随着人们综合素质和环保意识的不断提高，对 生存环境提出了新的要求，同时国家也开始越来越重视环境保护，从而提出新 的、更高的污水排放标准，因而对化工企业提出了新的要求。 本公司是国内第一条氯丁橡胶生产线的诞生地，已经有几十年的氯丁橡胶 生产历史。一直以来我公司均采用电石制乙炔合成氯丁二烯进而聚合制成氯丁 橡胶，由于其良好的耐油、耐燃、耐氧化和耐臭氧等特殊性能，至今无法替代。 氯丁橡胶在生产过程中产生大量高浓度有机废水，该水毒性大，含有乙炔、乙 醛、氯丁二烯、苯、氯苯、铜等有害物质，COD 含量可达到 2000 mg/L 以上， 可生化性较差，是一种污染严重、处理难度极大的工业废水。 一直以来，国内外绝大多数工业污水处理都是采用活性污泥法，在生产运 用的过程中，随着人类社会文明程度和科学技术的不断发展，活性污泥法工艺 也随之而不断创新发展，活性污泥法逐渐演变成多种符合不同处理需求的工艺， 有氧化沟工艺、A/O 工艺、SBR 工艺、MBR 工艺等，随着近年膜技术和树脂吸 附技术的突飞猛进，又衍生出改进型膜生物处理技术、树脂吸附工艺等新兴工 艺。 应政府城市规划需要和公司转型升级、节能减排的要求，长寿化工将氯丁 橡胶项目进行搬迁发展，与山西霍家工业合作成立新的合资公司，从生产线到 环保配套设施都全部新建。为达到节能减排和国家污水排放要求，并达到中水 回用以及符合当地地理环境特点，公司特引进了在氯丁废水处理方面具有运行 费用低、出水水质好、占地面积小、耐冲击负荷等特征的埃格工艺，该工艺系 由传统活性污泥法改进而来，具有多项发明专利。通过实验验证，其各项废水 处理指标均达到国家及政府相关排放要求，处理效果明显优于公司原有污水处 理系统，完全符合公司节能减排、降低运行成本、提高污水处理效率、中水回摘要 II 用等相关要求。 关键词： 环境保护，氯丁废水，节能减排，活性污泥法，中水回用，冲击负荷，埃 格工艺Abstract III Abstract Feasibility study onthe process of processing chloroprene rubber production wastewater byAccele process In view ofthe law ofthe development of Chinese enterprises,the environmental problems caused bythe extensive － style development inthe past have increasinglythreatened our daily life. Withthe continuous improvement of people's overall quality and environmental awareness, new requirements onthe living environment have been put forward. Atthe sametime,the state has also startedto pay more and more attentionto environmental protection,thus has put forward new and higher standards for sewage discharge standard,thus raised new requirements for chemical enterprises. The company isthe birthplace ofthe first neoprene production line in China, and has had several decades of neoprene production history. All along, our company adopts synthetic acetyleneto synthesize chloroprene andthen polymerizes it into chloroprene rubber. Dueto its good properties of oil resistance, flame resistance, oxidation resistance and ozone resistance, it can not be replaced so far. Chloroprene rubber produces a large number of high concentrations of organic wastewater inthe production process, which is of greattoxicity, containing harmful substances including acetylene, acetaldehyde, chloroprene, benzene, chlorobenzene, copper, etc.the COD content can reach 2000 mg / L or greater, and it has poor biodegradability, is a kind of industrial wastewaterthat has serious pollution, and extremely difficulttotreat. All along,the vast majority of domestic and foreign industrial wastewatertreatment method is activated sludge method. Inthe production process, withthe civilization of human society andthe continuous development of science andtechnology, activated sludge process also continuesto innovate. Activated sludge process has been gradually evolved into a variety of processesthat meet different processing needs including oxidation ditch process, A/ O process, SBR process, MBR process, etc. Withthe rapid development of membranetechnology and resin adsorptiontechnology in recent years, but also it derived improved membraneAbstract IV biologicaltreatmenttechnology, resin adsorption process and other emergingtechnologies. Atthe request of government planning andtransformation and upgrading, energy conservation and emission reduction ofthe company, Changshou Chemical relocatedthe neoprene project and set up a new joint venture with Shanxi Huojia Industrial Co., Ltd., all of which were newly built fromthe production lineto environmental protection facilities. In orderto achieve energy－saving emission reduction and national sewage discharge requirements, and achieve water reuse as well as in line withthe characteristics ofthe local geographical environment,the company introduced Accele process which has features of low operating costs, good effluent quality, small footprint, high impact resistance on neoprene wastewatertreatment.the process was improved fromthetraditional activated sludge method, and it owns a number of invention patents.through experimental verification, allthe wastewatertreatment indicators meetthe relevant national and government discharge requirements, andthetreatment effect is obviously betterthanthe company's original sewagetreatment system, in full compliance withthe company's energy－ saving emission reduction, operating costs reduction, sewagetreatment efficiency improvement, reuse of reclaimed water and other related requirements. Keywords: Environmental Protection, Neoprene Wastewater, Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, Activated Sludge Process, Reuse of Reclaimed Water, Impact Load,Accele Process目 录 I 目 录 摘要............................................................................................................................I Abstract......................................................................................................................III 第 1 章 绪 论 ...........................................................................................................1 1.1 背景...................................................................................................................1 1.1.1 环境污染背景及现状.................................................................................1 1.2 工业合成橡胶...................................................................................................8 1.2.1 橡胶的来源和命名.....................................................................................8 1.2.2 合成橡胶的出现及其品种.........................................................................9 1.2.3 合成橡胶的生产方法和橡胶制品制造方法梗概...................................10 1.2.4 国内生产企业及产量...............................................................................11 1.2.5 行业现状...................................................................................................12 1.3 氯丁废水.........................................................................................................12 1.3.1 氯丁橡胶废水的产生...............................................................................12 1.4 工业废水处理及研究现状.............................................................................15 1.4.1 污水处理工艺技术现状...........................................................................15 1.4.2 目前污水处理工艺发展趋势...................................................................16 1.4.3 常见废水处理工艺介绍...........................................................................17 1.5 埃格工艺选取的原因.....................................................................................21 1.6 埃格工艺的影响因素.....................................................................................22 1.6.1 pH 值.........................................................................................................22 1.6.2 水温...........................................................................................................22 1.6.3 水力负荷...................................................................................................23 1.6.4 溶解氧（DO）.........................................................................................23 第 2 章 实验部分