地铁作为重要的公共交通工具，其安全性日益受到社会各方关注，国内外多个地铁项目 要求地铁车辆执行第三方独立安全评估（Independent SafetyAssessing, ISA），由具有专业资 质的商业组织对车辆进行独立安全评估，并产生评估报告以证明车辆符合安全要求。独立安 全评估可以验证在地铁车辆设计生产制造中已经采取了合适的安全管理组织、计划、程序、 设计标准和安全措施，确认产品相关风险已经降低到了可以接受的程度，且其安全例证提供 了足够的证据表明系统符合安全要求。该报告可以作为铁路权威机构判断其是否接受该产品 的重要证据之一，也将作为车辆能否进入载客运营状态的判断条件之一。A 公司现有的项目 管理模式及工作流程中，并没有针对安全性设立独立的组织体系、管理流程等，无法完全匹 配 ISA 的评估要求。 本文在综述了国内外项目管理模式及流程优化研究的发展情况之后，参照 ISA 评估要 求和标准规定，采用鱼骨图分析法、基准化分析法对 A 公司项目组织架构、组织职能及项 目流程的现状进行诊断和分析，找出了当前存在的问题。根据项目管理及流程优化的基本理 论，对 A 公司项目管理模式中组织结构、组织职能以及项目流程几方面存在的问题进行分 析，提出满足 ISA 评估需求的适应性优化方案。为该公司优化项目管理模式和项目流程， 提高项目管理水平提供理论依据和参考方案，以最终达到满足 ISA 评估要求的目的。笔者 希望本文的研究成果能够为国内装备制造类企业，尤其是轨道交通领域的企业更加顺利地通 过 ISA 评估提供一定的借鉴。 关键词： 项目管理模式，流程优化，轨道交通，ISAISA 背景下的 A 公司项目管理模式及流程优化研究 II Abstract Metro is an important means of public transport, the safety of Metro is attracting more and more attention from all sectors of society. Many domestic and foreign metro projects require metro vehicles to carry out independent safety assessment (ISA), which is carried out by professional qualified commercial organizations, and produce assessment reports to prove the vehicles. Independent safety assessment can verify that appropriate safety management organizations, plans, procedures, design standards and safety measures have been adopted in the design and manufacture of Metro vehicles, confirming that product-related risks have been reduced to an acceptable level, and its safety case provides sufficient evidence to show that the system meets safety requirements. The report can be used as one of the important evidences for the railway authority to judge whether it accepts the product or not, and also as one of the criteria for judging whether the vehicle can enter the passenger operation state. In the existing project management mode and working process of A company, there is no independent organization system or management process for safety, which can not fully match the requirements of ISA. This paper summarizes the development of project management and process optimization research at home and abroad, uses fishbone diagram and benchmarking method to diagnose and analyze the current situation of project organization structure, organizational functions and project process of A company in accordance with ISA evaluation requirements and standards, and finds out the existing problems. According to the basic theory of project management and process optimization, this paper puts forward an adaptive optimization scheme to meet the needs of ISA, aiming at the problems existing in the Project management mode including organizational structure, organizational functions and processes of project management of Company A. It provides a theoretical basis for the company to optimize the project management mode, optimizing the project process and improve the project management level, so as to meet the requirements of ISA. The author hopes that through the analysis and research of this paper, it can provide some reference for domestic equipment manufacturing enterprises, especially those in the field of rail transit, on how to pass ISA more smoothly. Key words: Project management mode，Process optimization，rail transit，ISA南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 III 目 录 第一章 绪论.....................................................................................................................................1 1.1 选题背景....................................................................................................................................1 1.2 研究目的和意义........................................................................................................................2 1.3 国内外相关研究现状................................................................................................................3 1.3.1 国外研究现状.....................................................................................................................3 1.3.1.1 第三方独立安全评估.........................................................................................................3 1.3.1.2 项目管理模式及流程优化 .................................................................................................4 1.3.2 国内研究现状.....................................................................................................................5 1.3.2.1 第三方独立安全评估.........................................................................................................5 1.3.2.2 项目管理模式及流程优化 .................................................................................................6 1.4 研究内容....................................................................................................................................6 1.5 研究方法与技术路线................................................................................................................7 1.5.1 研究方法....................................................................................................................................7 1.5.2 技术路线....................................................................................................................................7 第二章 相关基础理论.....................................................................................................................9 2.1 项目管理模式............................................................................................................................9 2.2 项目组织结构............................................................................................................................9 2.2.1 常见项目组织结构 ....................................................................................................................9 2.2.2 项目组织形式的选择 .............................................................................................................. 11 2.3 流程优化..................................................................................................................................11 2.3.1 项目流程与流程优化概念 ...................................................................................................... 11 2.3.2 项目流程优化的主要方法 ...................................................................................................... 11 2.4 独立安全评估概述..................................................................................................................12 第三章 A 公司项目管理模式与流程现状及其存在的问题分析...............................................14 3.1 A 公司简介...............................................................................................................................14 3.2 轨道交通车辆制造项目的特点..............................................................................................15 3.3 项目管理现状..........................................................................................................................16 3.3.1 公司组织结构及各部门职能 .................................................................................................. 16 3.3.2 项目管理组织架构及职能现状 .............................................................................................. 17 3.3.3 项目管理流程复现 .................................................................................................................. 18ISA 背景下的 A 公司项目管理模式及