水稻秸秆是一种重要的生物质资源，尤其是在能源危机日益严峻的背景下，其来 源广、成本低廉、可开发潜力大等方面的优势，已经引起人们越来越多的重视。本文 以水稻秸秆为原料，以水稻铺播纸技术和水稻秸秆的液化技术研究对象，探讨其资源 化开发的利用可行性。 水稻铺播纸的研究包括生态胶合成和水稻种纸的生产技术工艺。在生态胶的合成 过程中，主要考察了相关因素的影响。碱化草浆的合适用量为 40~60g，硼砂交联剂量 的合适用量为 15g ~25g，聚乙烯醇的合适用量为 30g~50g。 室内育苗实验和大田实验结果表明，制备的生态纸及胶不对水稻的生长过程产生 负面影响，无污染，土壤氨－氮含量略有增加，水稻亩产增加约 10％。收益增加 105 元/亩，用工数减少 3－4 个/亩，稻草资源也被自然循环和利用。 秸秆的液化技术研究主要为常压条件下的液化。通过正交试验设计及其结果分 析，表明液化反应条件为：当样品秸秆为 5g，液化溶剂 PEG200 为 30g 时，反应温度 为 165℃，反应时间为 75min，催化剂浓硫酸（98%）的量为 3%。 在此基础上，分别对液化产物、残渣、原料进行了红外光谱分析。对比研究发现， 纤维素中部分羟基及醚键被氧化。木质素中芳香环相连的 C 一 O 在液化剂的作用下 断裂。 最后，以液化产物为原料，合成出生物质聚氨酯，并对其进行学理性分析。 关键词：稻草 生态胶 水稻种纸 液化 聚氨酯 I华 中 科 技 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文 Abstract Rice straw is important biomass resources，especially in the context of the increasingly serious energy crisis. It has been attracted more and more attentions as the advantage of its great potential development and the source of wide low-cost. This article focuses on paddy seeding cardboard and straw liquefaction and inquiries the applying feasibility of utilization. The process of paddy seeding cardboard was studied, including the synthetic method of adhesive and the production of cardboard with rice straw. Relevant factors were inspected in the process of Synthetic Adhesive. The results shew that their appropriate amount, alkali straw: 40g~60g, borax: 15g~25g; polyvinyl alcohol: 30g~50g. Then, its applying feasibility was evaluated by tests in the lab and field, the results indicated that there was no negative influence over the growth of rice with pollution-free. Otherwise, a slight increase in nitrogen content; output per-mu up by 10 percent; profit per-mu up by 105yuan.Straw resources have been fully recycled. Methods of the straw’s liquefaction were studied under moderate stress. It was optimized by orthogonal design experiment and results show that when liquefied at 165℃ about 75min byadding 5g straw, 30g PEG 200 , 0.9g sulfuric acid, and its residue is lowest. On this basis, straw, residue and Liquefaction was characterized with IR. Research finds hydroxyl and ether link in cellulose has been oxidized .besides, the C-O linking to the aromatic ring in lignin cracks. At last, bio-polyurethane was compounded with liquefaction, with a theoretical analysis. keywords: straw seeding-cardboard bio-based adhesive liquefaction bio- polyurethane II华 中 科 技 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文 目 录 摘要.......................................................I Abstract.....................................................II 目 录....................................................III 1 绪 论.....................................................1 1.1 生物质秸秆............................................ 2 1.2 秸秆的化学转化方法.................................... 4 1.3 秸秆液化技术研究进展.................................. 5 1.4 研究内容.............................................. 8 2 水稻种纸的制备............................................10 2.1 生态胶的制备......................................... 10 2.2 生物种纸的制备....................................... 16 2.3 水稻铺播纸的实验研究................................. 18 2.4 小结................................................. 24 3 秸秆的液化实验............................................25 3.1 实验准备............................................. 25 3.2 实验方法及相关测定................................... 26 3.3 液化条件优化......................................... 27 3.4 液化实验影响因素分析................................. 28 3.5 正交实验............................................. 30 3.6 小结................................................. 31 4 液化产物及其应用..........................................33 4.1 羟值的测定........................................... 33 4.2 红外光谱分析......................................... 34 4.3 生物质聚氨酯的合成................................... 36 III华 中 科 技 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文 IV 4.4 小结................................................. 39 5 总结与展望................................................40 致 谢.......................................................41