I 摘要 我国自 2003 年开始在吉林、辽宁、黑龙江、安徽、河南五省推广乙醇汽油以 来，目前已经在包括天津、广西在内的十几个省区市全部或部分地区推广使用乙醇 汽油。十多年的燃料乙醇产品生产和销售一直坚持“核准生产、定向流通、封闭推 广”的要求，生产企业销售区域由国家相关部门制定，燃料乙醇价格由国家发改委 按照相关要求进行规定调整。随着国家对于燃料乙醇政策的调整，燃料乙醇行业建 立规范化的市场化运行机制已经迫在眉睫。燃料乙醇属于政策性推动型行业，与我 国对于汽柴油、电力等能源的管控一样，燃料乙醇行业不可能完全按照普通属性的 行业进行市场化运作。按照《关于扩大生物燃料乙醇生产和推广使用车用乙醇汽油 的实施方案》，对于燃料乙醇行业的发展有着“严控总量，多元发展”、“规范市场， 有序流通”、“依法推动、政策激励”的基本要求。因此，燃料乙醇行业既需要市场 化又不能完全自由市场化。如何形成更加完善的燃料乙醇行业市场化运行机制是 政府职能部门和燃料乙醇供需方亟需思考和研究的课题。 X 燃料乙醇公司是国内第一家生物质能源基地，拥有国内乃至亚洲最大的燃料 乙醇单产装置。公司成立 20 年来，燃料乙醇一直采取以国家定向、定点、定价销 售的传统计划性模式。在国家启动燃料乙醇全国推广的背景下，产品销售区域、销 售价格都逐步走向市场话。X 燃料乙醇公司如何应对这一新的形势，如何根据市场 化形势进行战略、管理、思维的调整是亟需研究探索的问题。 本文以 X 燃料乙醇公司为研究对象，结合燃料乙醇行业整体发展趋势，在前人 研究成果的基础上，通过在管理学院所学知识，以及自己行业从业经验，利用市场 经济、市场化、优劣机威分析等相关现代管理学理论和分析方法对于 X 燃料乙醇 公司进行分析研究，对于燃料乙醇行业市场化发展进行探索研究，对于生产企业市 场化所面临的问题进行分析和探索研究。围绕企业和行业研究竞争力情况，探讨燃 料乙醇企业和行业的未来趋势和市场化发展趋势走向。 本文主要在以下三个方面进行创新性研究： （1）从研究角度上，以 X 燃料乙醇公司为研究对象，微观分析不同原料，不 同地域燃料乙醇生产企业价值链构成，进而研究不同企业市场竞争力的优劣势，找 出不同类型企业的核心竞争力。并且通过对行业的宏观环境进行分析，进行 X 燃吉林大学硕士学位论文 II 料乙醇公司价值创造与市场化对策分析。 （2）从研究定位上，基于市场的角度，以现代管理学相关原理为工具，对价 值链形成的不同种类：原料、公司治理、市场地域等进行分类分析并最终汇总系统 分析。形成了对燃料乙醇行业及 X 有限公司的“点、线、面”综合详尽的分析。发 展和完善了燃料乙醇行业和生产企业研究的内容体系。 （3）从研究层次上，基于行业基层从业者的角度，根据政策信息、渠道信息、 采访信息、研究结论等，从市场的前端，政策执行的终端，对未来中国燃料乙醇行 业的发展进行探索研究，对燃料乙醇生产企业在市场化中的核心竞争力进行探究。 找寻行业良性发展之道，探寻企业市场化生存之路。 关键词：燃料乙醇，市场化，经营对策Abstract III Abstract Ethanol gasoline has been widely used in more than a dozen of province-level areas in China when it began to consume in several regions on a trial basis from 2003 including Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Anhui, Henan. For more than ten years, the production and sales of fuel ethanol products have been adhering to the requirements of approved production, directional and closed circulation. The sales areas of production enterprises are set by the government, and the price is set by the State Development and Reform Commission (RDRC) in accordance with relevant requirements. With the adjustment of the national policy on fuel ethanol, it is urgent for the fuel ethanol industry to establish a standardized market operation mechanism. Fuel ethanol is a policy-driven industry. As gasoline, diesel and electric power are under control by the Chinese government, it is impossible for the fuel ethanol industry to operate in a market-oriented manner in accordance with the industries of common commodities. According to the Implementation Plan on Expanding the Production of Biofuel Ethanol and Promoting the Use of Vehicle Ethanol Gasoline, the basic requirements for the development of fuel ethanol industry are strictly controlling the total amount, diversified development, standardizing the market, orderly circulation, popularizing by law, and policy incentives. Therefore, the fuel ethanol industry needs to be marketing-oriented but not completely full of marketization. How to form a more perfect market-oriented operation mechanism of fuel ethanol industry is an urgent issue for the government and fuel ethanol suppliers and demanders to study. X Fuel Ethanol Company is the first biomass energy base in China. It has the largest fuel ethanol unit in China and even in Asia. Since its establishment 20 years ago, fuel ethanol has adopted the planned economy mode. As China plans to roll out the use of ethanol in gasoline nationally by 2020, product sales areas and sales prices are gradually moving to the market. How X Fuel Ethanol Company copes with the changing situation and how to adjust its marketing strategy, inner management and creative thinking according to the market trend is an urgent problem to be studied and explored. This paper takes X Fuel Ethanol Company as the research object, combines with the overall development trend of fuel ethanol industry, based on the previous research results, through the knowledge learned by the School of Management, as well as their own industry experience, using modern management theory and analysis methods, such as吉林大学硕士学位论文 IV market economy, market economy, analysis of advantages and disadvantages, to analyze and study X Fuel Ethanol Company, and to study the burning of fuel ethanol. The market- oriented development of feed ethanol industry is explored and studied, and the problems faced by the enterprises in the market-oriented development are analyzed and explored. Focusing on the competitiveness of enterprises and industries, the future trend and market trend of fuel ethanol enterprises and industries are discussed. This article mainly carries on the innovation research in the following three aspects: (1) From the research point of view, taking X Fuel Ethanol Company as the research object, the value chain composition of fuel ethanol production enterprises in different raw materials and regions is analyzed microscopically, and then the advantages and disadvantages of market competitiveness of different enterprises are studied to find out the core competitiveness of different types of enterprises. And through the analysis of the macro-environment of the industry, the value creation and market-oriented Countermeasures of X Fuel Ethanol Company are analyzed. (2) From the research orientation, based on the market point of view, using the relevant principles of modern management as a tool, this paper classifies and analyses the different types of value chain formation: raw materials, corporate governance, market region and so on, and finally summarizes the system analysis. Formed a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the fuel ethanol industry and the point, line and surface of X Fuel Ethanol Company. The research of fuel ethanol industry and production enterprises has been developed. (3) From the research level, based on the perspective of grass-roots practitioners in the industry, according to policy information, channel information, interview information and research conclusions, from the front end of the market and the terminal of policy implementation, the future development of China's fuel ethanol industry is explored, and the core competitiveness of fuel ethanol production enterprises in the marketization is explored. Find the way of benign development of the industry and explore the way of market-oriented survival of enterprises. Keywords: Fuel Ethanol, Market-oriented, Operating Strategies目 录 V 目 录 第 1 章 绪 论...............................................................................................................1 1.1 选题背景...........................................................................................................1 1.2 研究内容...........................................................................................................5 1.3 研究方法...........................................................................................................6 1.4 研究意义................................................