BIM 从本世纪初进入中国，首先在设计企业得到应用，进而延伸到施工企 业，重点是在建筑工程。建筑施工企业作为建筑业发展的主力军，越来越重视企 业 BIM 的学习与应用，已经在许多工程项目上进行了尝试。但是经历十几年的 推广，BIM 整体上还是处于初级发展水平，主要是一级或特级的建筑施工企业 应用在一些大型建筑上，项目全周期的应用也比较少，广度和深度都有所不足。 因此，有必要去探索建筑施工企业 BIM 应用的障碍因素及其相互关系。 阐述本文研究背景，提出研究目的及意义，通过文献回顾引出研究对象。介 绍 BIM 相关理论和 ISM 理论，为下文识别障碍因素和构建解释结构模型提供理 论基础。论述传统项目管理的挑战与不足，罗列出建筑施工企业 BIM 应用清单， 分析总结 BIM 应用的典型案例。 借助文献研究和德尔菲法识别出建筑施工企业 BIM 应用的 10 个障碍因素， 并且按照内容属性分成三类，应用环境类、技术方法类、组织管理类。专家判断 障碍因素之间的二元关系，建立邻接矩阵，借助 Matlab 软件编程计算可达矩阵， 再对可达矩阵进行层级划分得到四级递阶结构，构建障碍因素的解释结构模型。 通过解释结构模型分析障碍因素之间的相互关系，得到 2 个根源障碍因素，进而 有针对性的从企业角度提出三方面的建议，旨在促进 BIM 在我国建筑施工企业 应用与推广。 关键词，建筑施工企业；BIM 应用；障碍因素；解释结构模型III ABSTRACT BIM has entered China from the beginning of this century. First, it has been applied in design enterprises, and then extended to construction enterprises, focusing on the field of construction engineering. As the main force in the development of construction industry, construction enterprises pay more and more attention to the study and application of BIM, which has been tried in many engineering projects.However, after more than ten years of promotion, BIM is still at the primary level of development on the whole. It is mainly used by first-class or super-class construction enterprises in some large-scale buildings, and the application of the whole project cycle is relatively less. Both breadth and depth of BIM are insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the barrier factors and their relationship of BIM application in construction enterprises. This paper elaborates the research background, puts forward the research purpose and significance, and draws out the research object through literature review. In addition, the BIM theory and ISM theory are introduced to provide theoretical basis for identifying obstacles and constructing interpretative structural modeling. Then, it describes the challenges and shortcomings of traditional project management, lists the BIM application list of construction enterprises, analyzes and summarizes the typical cases of BIM application. Through literature research and Delphi method, 10 obstacle factors of BIM application in construction enterprises are identified, and they are divided into three categories according to content attributes: application environment, technology method, organization management. Experts judge the binary relationship between obstacle factors, establish adjacency matrix, calculate the reachability matrix with the help of MATLAB software programming, and then divide the reachability matrix hierarchically to a four-level hierarchical structure, and construct the interpretation structure modeling. By explaining the relationship between obstacle factors through structural model analysis, two root obstacle factors are obtained, and then three suggestions are put forward from the perspective of enterprises, aiming at promoting the application and promotion of BIM in China's construction enterprises. KEYWORDS: Construction enterprises; BIM application; Obstacle factors; Interpretative structural modeling.IV 目 录 第一章 绪论 ........................................................1 1.1 研究背景.....................................................1 1.2 研究目的及意义...............................................2 1.2.1 研究目的 ...............................................2 1.2.2 研究意义 ...............................................2 1.3 国内外研究现状...............................................3 1.3.1 国外 BIM 应用研究 .......................................3 1.3.2 国内 BIM 应用研究 .......................................4 1.3.3 国内外研究评述 .........................................6 1.4 研究内容、方法及技术路线.....................................6 1.4.1 研究内容 ...............................................6 1.4.2 研究方法 ...............................................7 1.4.3 技术路线 ...............................................8 第二章 相关理论基础 ................................................9 2.1 BIM 相关理论.................................................9 2.1.1 BIM 的概念 .............................................9 2.1.2 BIM 的特征描述 ........................................10 2.1.3 BIM 应用软件 ..........................................12 2.1.4 BIM 相关标准 ..........................................13 2.1.5 国内 BIM 推广政策......................................14 2.2 ISM 相关理论................................................16 2.2.1 ISM 的简介 ............................................16 2.2.2 ISM 的基本名词 ........................................16 2.2.3 ISM 工作流程 ..........................................16 第三章 BIM 在建筑施工企业项目管理中的应用现状......................18 3.1 传统项目管理的挑战与不足....................................18 3.1.1 传统项目管理的挑战....................................18 3.1.2 传统项目管理的不足....................................18 3.2 建筑施工企业 BIM 应用清单 ...................................19 3.3 BIM 应用典型项目介绍 .......................................21 3.4 BIM 应用存在的主要问题 .....................................23 第四章 建筑施工企业 BIM 应用障碍因素识别 ...........................25V 4.1 障碍因素识别原则 ...........................................25 4.2 基于文献研究法的障碍因素识别 ...............................25 4.3 基于德尔菲法的障碍因素修正 .................................31 4.4 BIM 应用障碍因素解析........................................32 4.5 BIM 应用障碍因素分类重组....................................35 第五章 基于 ISM 的建筑施工企业 BIM 应用障碍因素分析 .................37 5.1 系统结构分析的意义 .........................................37 5.2 构建障碍因素的 ISM 模型 .....................................37 5.2.1 建立邻接矩阵 ..........................................37 5.2.2 计算可达矩阵 ..........................................39 5.2.3 构建 ISM 模型 ..........................................41 5.3 ISM 模型结果分析............................................41 第六章 建筑施工企业 BIM 应用推广的建议 .............................44 6.1 政策支持层面................................................44 6.2 业务流程层面................................................44 6.3 业主驱动层面................................................45 第七章 结论与展望 .................................................46 7.1 结论........................................................46 7.2 展望........................................................46