我国是世界上最大的煤炭生产和消费国，具有成煤期多，储量大，分布广， 煤种齐全，开发条件较好的特点。随着社会和经济的快速发展，我国对煤炭资 源的开发利用也在逐渐增加。就我国当前经济的发展速度来看，煤炭资源的开 采量远远不能满足我国的需求量，这就需要我们合理开采和充分利用现有的煤 炭资源。煤矿资源评估及可行性研究是矿产开发利用中的一种新兴的研究，在 煤矿开采中发挥着极其重要的作用。 我国主要聚煤期有，石炭纪、二叠纪、三叠纪、侏罗纪、白垩纪和第三纪， 其中石炭纪、二叠纪在我国聚煤期中占有特殊重要的地位，在这两个时期形成 的煤炭，煤质好，主要分布在我国华北和西北地区，距离东南沿海经济开发区 很近，便于运输和开采。由于煤盆地构造特征和含煤性的差异，中国含煤地层 的空间分布形成了东北、西北、华北、西南、华南五大聚煤区。 可行性研究的主要内容包括对矿山资源储量、矿山周边环境保护措施、矿山 工程的安全及投资效益等诸多方面的评估。它是保证建设项目用最少的投资耗费 得到最佳的经济效果的科学手段，也是实现建设项目在技术上先进、经济上合理 和建设上可行的科学方法。 利用内蒙古东明煤矿这一实例，对其煤炭资源进行评估与开发可行性研 究，并对煤矿资源潜力进行评价。东明露天煤矿矿区内的含煤地层发育于白垩 纪，其中含煤段共含 6 个煤层群 14 个煤层。该煤矿的煤种属于低中灰份、高挥 发份、中等发热量、特低硫、低磷的褐煤，煤质变化幅度不大，主要适合于火力 发电及锅炉用煤、民用生活燃料、煤化工转化的原料煤。 煤矿在开采中所带来的环境问题，也是近年来研究的热门问题，引起煤矿 环境污染的因素归纳起来主要分为固体废物、废水、废气、粉尘、岩体移动、 矿井热、噪声七种。煤矿所造成的环境污染的方式是多种多样的，既有直接污 染也有间接污染，既有化学污染又有物理污染，还有生物污染。针对煤矿主要 污染因素，提出相应地治理对策。 关键词，煤炭，评估，可行性研究，污染，内蒙古Abstract China is the biggest coal production and consumption in the world. The coal has many formative periods, large reserves, widespread, wide variety, and better mining conditions. With the development of society and economy, the exploitation of the coal is accelerating in our country. To the development speed of our current economy, the coal of the exploitation volume is far from meeting our demand. So we should rationally exploit and make full use of the existing coal. Coal resource assessment and development feasibility study is one of the new minerals exploitation, and plays an important part in the mining. In our country the main of the coal forming period include Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary, Carboniferous and Permian were special important positions in our country of the coal forming period. The coal that two periods had formed had good quality, and was distributed mainly over North China and northwest where were close to the Southeast coastal area of economic development. That is convenient to exploit. The main content of feasibility study include assessment in many respects, such as the mine of resources reserves, taking measures to protect the mine environment, the safe of the mine engineering, investment benefit evaluation and so on. It is scientific mean to ensure that construction projects use the least investment cost and get the best economic effects. It is also the scientific method to realize construction projects technically advanced, rationality on the economy and feasibility in the construction. As the example of Inner Mongolia Dongming Coal Mine, I can carry out the coal resource assessment and development feasibility study, and predict the potential. Dongming Coal Mine locates on the west of Bao Rixi straps, the coal bearing formation is the Cretaceous, the coal bearing interval has 6 coal seam groups and 14 coal beds. The coal belong lignite which has the feature low and medium ash, high volatile, special low sulfur, medium calorific value, low phosphorus. It uses to thermal power generation, Steam Coal, the fuel of daily life, the raw materials of coal chemical industry. For the past few years, the study of pollution in the mining is also the hot problem. The factors of pollution in the mining mainly comprise solid waste, waste water, waste gas, bug dust, rock mass displacement, the heat of mines, noise. Using the factor of polluting, we can establish the corresponding solutions. Keywords，coal， assessment，development feasibility study，pollution，Inner Mongolia目录 1 绪论.............................................................................................................................1 1.1 选题依据及研究意义.........................................................................................1 1.1.1 选题依据.....................................................................................................1 1.1.2 研究意义.....................................................................................................2 1.2 研究现状及存在问题.........................................................................................2 1.3 研究内容.............................................................................................................3 1.4 主要认识及成果.................................................................................................4 2 煤炭资源形势分析.....................................................................................................6 2.1 煤炭资源的发展.................................................................................................6 2.2 我国煤炭资源的特点.........................................................................................6 2.3 我国煤炭资源的形势.........................................................................................8 2.3.1 煤炭资源在我国的主要用途......................................................................8 2.3.2 煤炭资源形势..............................................................................................9 3 我国主要的聚煤期及含煤地层...............................................................................11 3.1 煤的物质组成、性质与分类...........................................................................11 3.1.1 煤的宏观煤岩组成....................................................................................11 3.1.2 煤的性质....................................................................................................12 3.1.3 煤的分类....................................................................................................14 3.2 我国的主要聚煤期...........................................................................................16 3.2.1 古植物演化与聚煤期................................................................................17 3.2.2 古构造运动与聚煤期................................................................................19 3.2.3 古地理环境与聚煤期................................................................................21 3.2.4 古气候与聚煤期........................................................................................23 3.3 我国的含煤地层...............................................................................................25 3.3.1 中国含煤地层分布....................................................................................25 3.3.2 含煤地层的煤质及各地区的煤质............................................................294 我国煤炭资源的分布状况.......................................................................................32 4.1 我国的煤炭资源分布.......................................................................................32 4.2 我国的煤炭资源分布特点...............................................................................36 5 煤矿资源评估...........................................................................................................38 5.1 矿产资源评估的发展.......................................................................................38 5.2 矿产资源评估...................................................................................................39 5.2.1 矿业权........................................................................................................39 5.2.2 矿产资源储量分级.....................................