I 摘要 机构养老是指由专门的养老机构为老年人提供集生活照料、医疗保健和娱乐于 一体的养老服务。目前我国面临严重的人口老龄化问题，而且我国的老龄化问题有 着自身的独特性，老龄化趋势快、高龄化特点鲜明。我国二十世纪七八十年代计划 生育基本国策的推行，以及市场经济发展衍生出来的农村青壮年劳动力迁徙至城市， 故而我国农村地区老年人的养老面临更加严峻的挑战。本文通过对陕西省关中地区 农村老人及子女对于机构养老态度的调查和对于农村养老机构相关工作人员的访 谈，分析影响老人关于机构养老的相关因素，探讨农村养老机构的效用难以发挥的 原因，农村养老机构的发展战略是否存在问题以及农村中的哪些因素阻碍了养老机 构功能的发挥，尝试提出相关问题的解决途径和对策建议，对今后农村机构养老的 改革发展提供理论依据。 关键词：关中农村地区，机构养老，可行性研究ABSTRACT III ABSTRACT Institutional pension refers to the old-age care service which provides the elderly with life care, medical care and entertainment.At present, China is facing a serious population aging problem, and China's aging problem has its own uniqueness, the aging trend is fast, and the characteristics of the aging population are distinct.And eighties of the 20th century in our country the implementation of the basic state policy of family planning, as well as the development of market economy grew out of the rural labor migration to cities in young adults, so the elderly endowment of the rural areas in China face more severe challenges.This article through to the shanxi guanzhong region rural elderly and their children for institution endowment attitude survey and for rural old-age institutions related staff interviews, analyze the related factors influencing the old man about the institutions endowment, discusses the utility of rural old-age institutions is difficult to play, the cause of the development strategy of rural old-age institutions if there is a problem, and what factors hindered in rural endowment institutions function of the play, try to explore the related issues of solutions and countermeasures, rural institutions for the future pension reform, development and provide theoretical basis. Key words:In the rural areas of guanzhong,Institution endowment,Feasibility study目录 V 目录 摘要...........................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................III 目录...............................................................................................................................V 第一章 绪论.................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景.......................................................................................................1 1.2 研究意义.......................................................................................................2 1.2.1 理论意义...........................................................................................3 1.2.2 现实意义...........................................................................................3 1.3 文献综述.......................................................................................................4 1.3.1 国外研究现状....................................................................................4 1.3.2 国内研究现状...................................................................................4 1.3.3 文献述评............................................................................................7 1.4 相关概念和理论基础...................................................................................8 1.4.1 概念界定............................................................................................8 1.4.2 理论基础............................................................................................9 1.5 研究思路与研究内容.................................................................................10 1.5.1 研究思路..........................................................................................10 1.5.2 研究内容..........................................................................................11 1.6 研究方法.....................................................................................................12 1.6.1 实地调查法......................................................................................12 1.7 创新与难点.................................................................................................12 1.7.1 创新点..............................................................................................12 1.7.2 难点..................................................................................................13 第二章 关中农村地区机构养老的现状调查...........................................................15 2.1 访谈结果分析.............................................................................................15西北大学硕士学位报告 VI 2.1.1A 敬老院情况简介............................................................................15 2.1.2B 敬老院情况简介............................................................................16 2.2 问卷结果分析.............................................................................................18 2.2.1 老年人自身养老现状满意度调查..................................................18 2.2.2 老年人入住养老机构的意愿..........................................................18 2.2.3 老年人对养老机构提供服务的期望..............................................19 第三章 理论层面的可行性分析...............................................................................21 3.1 政治层面.....................................................................................................21 3.1.1 计划生育政策的实行......................................................................21 3.1.2 政府对养老服务建设的大力扶持..................................................21 3.2 经济层面：经济的发展.............................................................................21 3.3 社会层面.....................................................................................................22 3.3.1 社会养老保险的健全和发展..........................................................22 3.3.2 农村劳动主体的缺失......................................................................22 3.3.3 思想观念的转变..............................................................................23 3.3.4 生活理念的冲突..............................................................................23 3.3.5 农村老年人有明显机构养老意愿..................................................24 3.4 机构层面：机构养老自身的优势.............................................................24 第四章 实际操作层面的困难之处...........................................................................25 4.1 政府层面.....................................................................................................25 4.1.1 空间范围跨度大..............................................................................25 4.1.2 规范管理的困难性..........................................................................25 4.2 经济层面.....................................................................................................26 4.2.1 老年人收入太低..............................................................................26 4.2.2 资金来源单一..................................................................................27 4.3 社会层面.....................................................................................................27 4.3.1 社会风气的影响..............................................................................27 4.3.2 对养老机构的不了解......................................................................28目录 VII 4.4 机构层面.....................................................................................................29 4.4.1 服务的不全面性...................................