经济体制和政治体制改革使我国社会进入了历史的转型时期,社会经济的持 续、高速发展造就了不同的利益主体,阶层也円渐分化,社会多元化趋势加强, 追求个体自身合法利益诉求已被社会广泛接受,不同利益群体的不同利益诉求需 要特定的利益表达渠道为之提供便利。农民这一特殊的社会阶层由于其自身的原 因和社会历史的因素而致使其在涉及自身利益农达屮面临诸多凼境,/上当—F建设 社会主义和谐社会,推进社会主义民主化的进程中,要以一种全新的理念和程序 来审视农民的利益表达。为此,以对话与协商为主的利益协商模式被引入农民利 益表达的过程中,以期在这一理念的指导下,参与主体能本着平等、包容和理性 的心态来解决好涉及农民利益的政策制定和执行。 本文通过五部分的展丌论述。第一章为绪论,主要介绍了选题的研究背景、 意义、国内外研究现状以及研究的思路、方法和创新之处;第二章,主要是阐述 了农民利益表达的相关概念、农民利益表达的缘由、实践形式以及面临的困境; 第三章,本章着重提出把对话与协商的理念引入农民利益表达中,集中阐述了对 话与协商的理论來源,即西方协商民主理论的定义、理论渊源和价值诉求以及国 人话语体系中对协商民主的解读和实践情形。着重分析了在利益表达中引入对话 与协商何以可能及相应的机制建设。第四章,分析了对话与协商的利益表达机制 的运行机理,包括对话与协商的基本问题、对象和运行方式。分析了对话与协商 的程序性要求和实践形式。第fi章,总结了对话与协商的利益表达机制在实践中 可能面临的问题和解决这些问题的一些思考。 本文的研究结果主要体现在,在全面分析了当前我国农民利益表达面临困境 的体制根源和文化根源之后,提出了借鉴西方20世纪90年代后期兴起的协商民 主理论,把对话与协商的理念引入当下中国多元社会的社会问题的解决之中,特 别是在农民利益表达过程中,强调政府与农民要开展平等、理性和包容的问题解 决形式,打破长期存在的“官本位”思想所形成的官民有别的等级观念和思想, 为更好的建设社会主义和谐社会创造良好的社会环境。 关键词:农民利益、利益表达、对话与协商机制 Abstract Since the reform and opening up, with the continuous deepening and development of the economic and political reform, social transition period into a deep, sustained, high-speed social and economic development has created a different stakeholder, social class has become more differentiated, diversified social trends strengthen the pursuit of the individual's own legitimate interests of the appeal has been widely accepted, the different interests of different interest groups demands of the specific interests of the expression of the channels to provide them convenience. Face many problems, this particular social class of the farmers due to its causes and the impact of social and historical Reship involved in the expression of the self-interest in the present and building a socialist harmonious society, promoting socialist democratization process to a kinds of new ideas and procedures to examine the interests of farmers expression. To this end, the interests of the negotiation model based on dialogue and consultation is the introduction of the expression of the interests of fanners under the guidance of this idea, the main body involved in the spirit of equality, tolerance and rational mind to solve involving the interests of farmer's policy formulation and implementation. In this paper, the five-part discussed. Is the introduction to the first chapter introduces the research background of the article, the significance of the Current Study at home and abroad, and research ideas,methods and innovation; second chapter,from the expression of the interests of farmers the concept of the interests of farmers expression reason, in the form of practice, and the plight of analysis; the third chapter, this chapter focuses on the bringing the concept of dialogue and consultation in the interests of farmers expression, focuses on the theoretical source of dialogue and consultation, that the West negotiate the definition of democratic theory, theory of origin and value proposition and situation of the discourse system of the Chinese people on the interpretation and practice of deliberative democracy. Analyzed why the dialogue and consultation may be the mechanism construction introduced in the interests of the expression. The fourth chapter analyzes the operation mechanism of the expression of interests of dialogue and consultation mechanism, including the basic problem of dialogue and consultation, objects, and operation mode. Procedural requirements and in practical forms of dialogue and consultation. Chapter V summarizes the interests of the table of dialogue and consultation mechanism in practice may face problems and solve these problems some thought. The results of this study is mainly reflected in a comprehensive analysis of expression of the interests of farmers are faced with institutional and cultural roots, learn from the Western World the late 1990s the rise of deliberative democracy theory concept, the concept of dialogue and consultation into the present pluralistic society, social problems, especially in the expression of the interests of farmers, stressed that the government and farmers to carry out equal, rational and inclusive form of completely broken the official official position in the traditional thinking of the people the concept and ideas of the other levels, to create a favorable social environment for the construction of a harmonious socialist society. Key words: Farmers' interests the interests of expressiondialogue and consultation mechanisms IV 目录 i m i Abstract IH 第1章引言 1 1.1丨!if究竹贵 1 1.2研究综述 3 1.3研究思路、方法及创新点 5 第2章我国农民利益表达的现实状况 7 2.1利益相关概念的界定 7 2.1.1何为利益 7 2.1.2农民利益 7 2.1.3利益表达 7 2.2农民利益表达的原因分析 8 2.2.1个体利益需求 8 2.2.2转型期利益失衡 8 2.3现阶段我国农民利益表达的多元路径 9 2.3.1当前农民利益表达的基本情况 9 2.3.2农民利益表达的多样化实践 10 2.4现阶段农民利益表达的困境分析 11 2.4.1利益表达机制供给不足 11 2.4.2利益表达行为者的资源缺失 12 2.4.3利益表达的多向度而被弱化 14 2.4.4政府利益整合与决策回应缺失 14 第3章基于协商的农民利益表达 16 3.1为什么利益实现需要对话与协商 16 3.1.1对话与协商问题的提出 16 3.1.2协商民主的定义 16 3.1.3协商民主的理论渊源 17 V 3.1.4协商民主的价值诉求 17 3.2利益协商在中国 18 3.2.1中国人语境中的“对话与协商” 18 3.2.2中国协商民主的实践 20 3.2.3协商民主视野中的中国政治协商 20 3.2.4中国协商民主的特点和经验 21 3.3利益表达中引入协商民主模式何以可能 22 3.3.1组织的作用 22 3.3.2公共理性的形成 23 3.3.3理性与权威的正和博弈 24 3.4以对话与协商为特征的利益表达机制的形成 25 3.4.1包容性的吸纳机制 25 3.4.2组织性的整合机制 26 3.4.3政府性的回应机制 27 第4章、对话与协商的利益表达机制的运行机理 29 4.1对话与协商的基本内容 29 4.1.1对话与协商的对象 29 4.1.2对话与协商的制度安排与形式构成 29 4.1.3对话与协商的原则 32 4.1.4对话与协商涉及的基本问题 33 4.2对话与协商的利益表达机制的运行方式 34 4.2.1决策前公开信息、听取意见 34 4.2.2决策中展幵对话、协商、辩论、审议等程序 35 4.2.3政府的利益整合与决策输出功能的发挥 35 4.3运行机制可能面临的问题 37 4.3.1传统政治文化因素对开展协商的排斥 37 4.3.2协商主体参与条件的不平等的事实 38 4.3.3现代科学方法的缺失与推广受限 38 4.3.4农民个体与共同体的利益整合不力 39 4.4对话与协商实践中问题的解决 39 4.4.1培育社会主义新型文化,塑造新型参与主体 39 4.4.2大力推进农村政治、经济和文化资源建设 40 4.4.3培育适合农村发展的农民专业合作组织,提升其利益整合水平 40 ^ ^ 42