中医药，是我国优秀传统文化的重要组成部分，是迄今为止全世界 范围内体系保存最完善的一门传统医学。保护好我国的中医药知识产权， 是推动我国中医药事业发展的重要措施，也是推动中医药走向世界的基 本保证，也是防御西方“文化入侵”、维护国家文化主权的重要国家战略。 中医药处方作为中医药学中最主要的核心内容，其之知识产权保护问题 具有重要研究价值。 本文第一章首先分析了中医药处方的界定及其所具有的历史传承 性、民族地域性、经验积累性、鲜明整体性、以及开放与封闭、公有性 与私有性并存等特征，介绍与分析了中医药知识产权保护面临的严峻现 实问题。 第二章从西方著作权理论与中国传统文化的冲突的角度，结合我国 著作权法，着重分析了中医药处方可以作为著作权保护客体的可行性。 从定义、著作权权利、立法完善过程等角度分析，中医药处方能够作为 作品；中医药处方的表达，符合作品的形式表达构成要件；中医药处方 的特性，使其在变化中具有稳定性可复制性、继承中具有独创性；中医 药处方的表达，可以不违反“思想/表达二分法”与“唯一表达”原则。 同时也分析了专利保护、商业秘密保护等方法在中医药处方保护中的局 限性。所以中医药处方在适用著作权保护角度存在可行性与必要性。另 一方面，通过对比中医药处方与计算机软件，现代信息社会中的开源性 计算机软件所具有的开放性、交互性等特点与中医药处方具有很多相近上海交通大学法律硕士学位报告 中医药处方适用著作权保护的可行性研究 II 之处，两者在适用著作权保护方面存在可参照性,后者的知识产权保护模 式，可以为中医药处方的著作权保护提供很好借鉴思路。 第三章通过重点介绍泰国、哥斯达黎加等国在传统处方、传统文化 等方面知识产权保护较为成功的经验，为中医药处方保护提供借鉴。 作为传统知识的重要组成部分，中医药处方等传统医学精粹的知识 产权保护，应当尊重传统文化的特征，应当参照传统知识的保护模式。 文章最后从建立“有限著作权”等特殊保护制度，建立中医药处方注册 登记及分级管理制度，构建中医药数据库，建立中医药标准化体系，以 及与商业秘密保护等手段相结合等角度，探讨了针对中医药处方保护的 对策。 关键词，中医药处方 著作权 可行性研究上海交通大学法律硕士学位报告 中医药处方适用著作权保护的可行性研究 III THE FEASIBILITY STUDY ON TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE PRESCRIPTIONS APPLICABLE COPYRIGHT PROTECTION ABSTRACT Traditional Chinese medicine, an important part of excellent Chinese traditional culture, is the best preserved traditional medicine to date in the world. Protecting the intellectual property of traditional Chinese medicine, which is an important measure to promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine, is the basic guarantee for promoting traditional Chinese medicine to the world as well as an important national strategy to defend Western cultural invasion and safeguard the country's cultural sovereignty. Traditional Chinese medicine prescription t is the core content in traditional Chinese medicine; therefore, research on how to protect its intellectual property rights is of great value. Chapter 1 gives a definition of prescription of traditional Chinese medicine and then discusses its features in the historical heritage, national locality, accumulation of experience, clear integrity, and being open and closed, and coexistence of being public and private. It also introduces and analyzes the harsh reality that the intellectual property protection of traditional Chinese medicine is facing. Chapter 2 analyzes the feasibility of traditional Chinese medicine prescription to be the object of copyright protection in terms of the conflicts between copyright theories in the West and traditional Chinese culture and taking China's copyright laws into account. The definition, rights of copyright, and the perfection of the legislative process all prove that traditional Chinese medicine prescription can become a product. The expression of traditional Chinese medicine prescription conforms to the expression form of constituent elements of a product. The characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine prescription enable there to be stability and reproducibility in the process of change, and originality in the process of inheritance. The expression does not violate the principle of idea/expression dichotomy and unique expression. This chapter also reveals the limitations of patent protection and commercial secret protection when protecting traditional Chinese medicine prescription. Therefore, there is feasibility and necessity in copyright protection of traditional Chinese medicine prescription. In addition, by comparing上海交通大学法律硕士学位报告 中医药处方适用著作权保护的可行性研究 IV traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions and computer software, the open source computer software in modern information society with features such as being open and interactive has a lot of similarities to traditional Chinese medicine prescription. In the application of the copyright protection, there exists cross reference. The latter’s model of intellectual copyright can provide very good references for the copyright protection of traditional Chinese medicine prescription. Chapter 3 introduces the successful experience in countries such as Thailand and Costa Rica in intellectual copyright protection in terms of their traditional recipes and traditional culture, which can be used for reference to protect Chinese traditional medicine prescription. As an important part of traditional knowledge, the intellectual property protection of traditional Chinese medicine prescription and other traditional medicine should respect the characteristics of traditional culture, and refer to the protection model of traditional knowledge. Finally, the article discusses the countermeasures to protect traditional Chinese medicine prescription based on analyzing the establishment of limited copyright and other special protection systems, the establishment of traditional Chinese medicine prescription registration and grading management system, construction of traditional Chinese medicine database and standardization system of traditional Chinese medicine, and the integration of the means of trade secret protection. Keywords: traditional Chinese medicine prescription, copyright, feasibility study上海交通大学法律硕士学位报告 中医药处方适用著作权保护的可行性研究 V 中医药处方适用著作权保护的可行性研究 目 录 ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................................................III 引 言.......................................................................................................................................................1 第一章 中医药处方知识产权保护的现状与难题.................................................................................2 第一节 中医药处方的界定.............................................................................................................2 第二节 中医药及中医药处方的特征.............................................................................................3 一、历史传承性.......................................................................................................................3 二、民族地域性.......................................................................................................................3 三、经验积累性.......................................................................................................................4 四、鲜明的整体性...................................................................................................................4 五、开放性与封闭性、公有性与私有性并存.......................................................................4 第三节 中医药处方著作权保护的现状.........................................................................................5 一、中医药处方的维权之路困难重重，举步维艰...............................................................5 二、中医药沦为公知领域的免费大餐，中医药资源流失现象严重...................................7 第二章 中医药处方适用著作权保护的可行性.....................................................................................8 第一节 著作权的理论溯源及与中国传统文化的冲突.................................................................8 第二节 中医药处方能否作为著作权客体，....................