共同但有区别责任原则是发展中国家和发达国家在长期的气候谈判中探索 出来的、适合双方当前国情的共同应对全球气候变化的合作方式。 发展中国家将共同但有区别责任原则视为国际环境法的基本原则，强调：发 达国家和发展中国家在气候治理中必须遵循共同但有区别责任原则，发达国家在 当前条件下应当承担主要的全球气候治理的主要责任，并且有向发展中国家提供 资金和技术援助的义务。它们分别从为什么共同但有区别责任原则属于国际环境 法的基本原则、符合气候正义、可持续发展的需要角度展开论述。与之相对的是， 发达国家不仅不承认共同但有区别责任原则在国家环境法中基本原则的地位，同 时在气候治理中也突出强调“共同责任”，有意忽视“区别责任”。它们分别从共 同但有区别责任原则诞生时间短，没有得到国际社会的普遍认同，不能具有法律 效力以及按照该原则分配责任容易导致多数国家“搭便车”等角度阐述当前应当 强调突出强调“共同责任”，而非“区别责任”。 由于发达国家对共同但有区别责任原则在责任分配方式上的不满，导致在具 体落实该原则的过程中困难重重。发达国家通过拒绝履行承诺目标、迟延资金援 助、设置技术转让壁垒等方式逃避实质责任，从而导致共同但有区别责任原则在 应对全球气候变化的过程中面临“名存实亡”的困境。 在通过比较分析发展中国家和发达国家有关共同但有区别责任原则的争议 基础上，归纳出当前共同但有区别责任原则并非不适应当前气候变化的需要，只 是需要得到一定程度的改进。最后对共同但有区别责任原则在应对气候变化中的 漏洞总结的基础上，尝试提出了一些适应当前全球气候治理的可行性建议。 关键词：共同但有区别责任原则，全球气候治理，可行性2 Abstract The principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibility is a cooperative way for developing countries and developed countries to cope with global climate change in long-term climate negotiations, which is suitable for both sides' current national conditions. The developing countries consider that Common but Differentiated Responsibility as basic principles of International Environmental Law. They emphasis that the developed countries and developing countries must follow the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibility in Global Climate Governance. What's more, the developed countries should undertake the primary responsibility for major global climate governance under the current conditions, and provide financial and technical assistance to developing countries obligation. They demonstrate what they said by discussing why the Common but Differentiated Responsibility principle belongs to the basic principles of International Environmental Law, conforming to the needs of climate justice and sustainable development. By contrast, the developed countries not only do not recognize the position of Common but Differentiated Responsibility in the basic principles of International Environmental Law, but also emphasize Common Responsibility in Global Climate Governance and ignore Differentiated Responsibility intentionally. They argue that the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibility was born in a short time, which has not been recognized by the international community and should not have the force of law and responsibility in accordance with the principle of distribution in most countries easily lead to free rider and in the perspective of the current should be emphasized to the Common Responsibility, rather than Differentiated Responsibility. Due to the dissatisfaction of the developed countries on the Common but Differentiated Responsibility principle in the way of distribution of Responsibility, which causes that is difficult to implement the principle in the process of specific implementation. The developed countries to fulfill their commitments, by refusing to delay financial assistance, setting up barriers to technology transfer and other means to evade the essence of responsibility, which leads to the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibility facing difficulties in the process of dealing with global climate change. Based on the comparative analysis of the controversial principles of Common and Differentiated Responsibility in developing and developed countries, it is concluded that the current principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibility is not inconsistent with the needs of current climate change, but only needs a certain degree of improvement. Finally, based on the summary of the Common and Differentiated Responsibility principle in tackling climate change, we try to put3 forward some feasible suggestions to adapt to the current global climate governance. Key words: Common but Differentiated Responsibility, Global Climate Governance, FeasibilityI 目 录 摘要...................................................1 ABSTRACT ................................................. 2 目 录...................................................I 引 言...................................................1 一、共同但有区别责任原则的法律地位之争 ...................4 （一）发展中国家对共同但有区别责任原则的认识......................4 （二）发达国家对共同但有区别责任原则的认识.......................11 二、落实共同但有区别责任原则当前面临的困境 ..............14 （一）减排目标落实难问题.........................................14 （二）资金援助问题...............................................17 （三）技术转移问题...............................................18 三、进一步完善共同但有区别责任原则的可行性建议 ..........21 （一）明确共同但有区别责任原则作为国际环境法基本原则的法律地位...21 （二）设立公正的减排防护机制.....................................22 （三）健全政府间履约监督保障机制.................................24 结 论..................................................26