摘要:随着我国大力推行铁路电气化,电铁电价在整个铁路运营成本中的重 要性日渐突出然而现行的电铁电价在现实执行中的发生的诸多争端显示出了其 与电气化铁路发展进度和我国电力市场改革相脱节的问题同时,在电力市场改 革方面,放开用户选择权,实行大用户直购电已经成为了是电力市场改革不可争 议的最终方向 在这个环境下研究电气化铁路大用户直购电问题,对于实验这种新型购电模 式!通过实践探索合理电价形成机制,解决电铁电价矛盾都有重要作用 本文首先在相关理论的基础上对大用户直购电进行理论探索,并通过对国内 外大用户直购电的发展历程和现行模式的分析,结合电铁电价的历史沿革和发展 趋势,总结出在电气化铁路行业推行大用户直购电的关键问题然后,根据我国 电铁电价的发展历史和未来趋势,结合我国电气化铁路的运营现状,对目前开展 大用户直购电试点的难点问题和关键问题进行分析,在输电费用构成分析的基础 上对输电定价方法进行研究为大用户直购电在电气化铁路具体应用提供了一些 建设性的操作意见和实施办法 关键词:大用户直购电;电气化铁路;电价改革; 分类号: 22一北京交交通人学硕}学位沦文英文摘要 ABSTRACT ABSTI毛ACT:Alongwiththegovernmentenergizingtherailwayelectrifieation greatly,asonePartoftherailwayoPeratingexPenses,thePowerPricedeserVeSInore attention.Ilowever,inthePractiealimPlication,theconflietofinterestbetweenthe railwaydePartmentandthePowerdePartmentshowsthattheeleetrierailway develoPmentProgressandoureountryeleetricPowermarketreformarediseonneetedto agreatextent. ToremovetherestrietionsoftheuseroPtionandtoimPlementdireetPurehaseof eleetrieityalreadyhavebeeomethefinalgoalofoureleetriePowermarketreform, whieheouldnotbedisPuted. AsatPresenttime,therearestillmanyrestrietingfaetorstodeveloPthedireet PowerPurchaseforthelargeusersinthewholeeountry,largescaleofexPerimentof thisnewPattemintheindustryofChineseeleetrifiedrailway,willPlayaveryimPortant roleintestingthisPattemofPurehasingelectrieityanddiseoveringareasonable mechanismofeleetrieitypriceformingthroughpraetice,espeeiallysolvingthe争端 betweentherailwaydePartmentandtheeleetrieitydePartlnent ToBeginwith,theauthorexPloresthetheoryofthedirectPowerPurehaseforthe largeusers,andanalyZesthedeveloPingeourseandPresentPattemofthisdireetPower PurehasePattemathomeandabroad,finallydrawsaeonelusionaboutsomekeyPoints onthedireetPowerPurchaseforthelargeusersinChineseeleetrifiedrailway. Furthermore,aeeordingtotheoPerationstahlsontheChineseeleetrifiedrailway andthedireetPowerPurchaseforthelargeusersinoureountryatPresent,thisPaper analyZestherestrietingfaetorsanddiffieultquestionsonmakingexPerimentonthis newPattem.AndmakearesearehtothePowertransmissionPrieingonthebaseof struetureanalyZingtothetransmissioneosts. ThestudyanditseonelusioninthisartieleonthedireetPower-Purehaseforthe lal名euserinPowermarketsenablesPeoPletohaveafurther知owledgeofthisissue andwillProvideabenefitablerefereneetotheextensiveapPlieationofthedireet Power-PurehaseforthelargeuserinChina. KEY!VORDS:ThedireetPower-Purehaseforthelargeusers:Chineseeleetrified railway;EleetrieityPrieereform CLASSNO:北京交通大学硕士学位报告 序 本文是铁道部科技研究开发课题5电气化铁路还本付息电价机制改革思路研 究6的阶段性成果,在研究过程中得到了铁道部经济规划研究院与铁道部财务司 的大力支持 叉目:门习戈 中文摘要...............,.....................................................................................,v ABSTRACT................,......................................................................,..vi 序......................,...,..................................................,.........vii 目录.........................................................................................-..........viii 1绪论.......!............................!...................................................1 1.1电气化铁路大用户直购电试点问题的提出................................l 1.1.1我国电气化铁路发展迅速......................................................1 1.1.2电铁电价存在的问题.................................................,....2 1.2报告主要研究思路和研究方法.....................................................4 1.3报告的逻辑结构.............................................................................4 2大用户直购电概述................................................................................6 2.1概念界定.......................................................,...........................6 2.1.1大用户......................................................................................6 2.1.2大用户直购电......................................................,.............6 2.2大用户直购电的理论基础.............................................................7 2.2.1交易费用理论)罗纳德#科斯(Ronald.cosas)....................7 2.2.2有限竞争理论)斯蒂格利茨(JosePhstightz).............9 2.3大用户直购电研究现状....................-....................................10 2.3.1国外研究现状........................................................................10 2.3,2国内研究现状........................................................................n 3国内外大用户直购电执行情况.................................................,..14 3.1国外发展现状...............................................................................14 3.1.1英国........................-.........................................................14 3.1.2日本........................................................................................15 3.1.3法国.........,..............,...................................................15 3.1.4其他国家和地区..-......................................................,.,16 3.1.5经验总结................................................................................17 3.1.6对我国电气化铁路大用户直购电的启示............................20 3.2国内试点现状.......................,................,...............,....20 3.2,1政策依据.................................................,........................20 3.2.2发展历史.,................,........................................,..213.2.3试点实施情况.......................................................................22 3.2.4国内运行情况总结及启示...................................................27 4电铁电价的历史沿革和未来趋势......................,........................28 4.11993年以前)/非普工业类单一制电价0.,...................28 4.21993年以后)大工业类两部制电价为基础的电铁电价.....28 4.3发展趋势)大用户直购电......................................................28 5电气化铁路大用户直购电试点输配电价的制定.............................30 5.1输配电费的构成..........................................................................30 5.2定价原则......................................................................................31 5.3两部制电价...............................................................................,二32 5.3.1定价原理...............................................................................32 5.3.2具体算法...............................................................................33 5.4联动电价......................................................................................35 5.4.1定价原理...............................................................................35 5.4.2具体算法...........................................................................36 5.4.3联动电价模型应用实例)大秦铁路...............................37 5.5两种定价方式的比较..................................................................43 5.5.1联动电价模型分析...............................................................43 5.5.2两部制电价模型分析...........................................................44 6电气化铁路大用户直购电试点的关键问题.....................................45 6.1输电模式......................................................................................45 6.2交易机制......................................................................................45 6.3合同签订...............................................................;................46 7电气化铁路大用户直购电试点的实施设想...................................,.49 7.1试点初期(阶段1)...................................................................49 7.2试点中期(阶段2).....................