II 摘要 伴随着生活水平的提高，汽车已成为生活中的必需品。与此同时，更多的消费者开 始接受汽车按揭金融的理念，这便使得汽车金融业的加速发展。如今我国汽车行业经历 了二十年井喷式的发展，年销量逼近 3000 万台，已经成为国民经济中的重要支柱产业， 也正是因为较长期的发展，汽车行业的发展也遇到了瓶颈。汽车消费信贷的蓬勃增长， 一方面给各汽车主机厂提供了新的利润增长点，另一方面也是助力平衡汽车供需关系扭 曲的主要方式之一。也正是由于汽车金融作为一项较新兴的金融服务类型，吸引着越来 越多的汽车厂商、金融机构进入该领域，随之而来的风险问题也渐渐表露出来。特别是 由于我国自身信用体系欠佳、风险管理方式较为滞后、相关法律制度还不完善等原因均 对我国汽车金融行业的发展产生了一定不利的影响。 目前，暴露的汽车金融行业风控问题有以下几类，客户信用风险、身份伪造、虚假 购车、潜在中介欺诈、贷后逾期处置不当风险等，汽车金融的核心便是风险管理控制问 题。我国汽车金融的渗透率与国外发达国家相比较仍有很大的发展空间，同时，汽车金 融风险防范方面的经验不足也是阻碍我国汽车金融业向西方发达国家靠拢的原因。 本文首先对汽车金融风险管理的相关概念、国内外学者在该问题的现有研究状况进 行阐述。其次利用 PEST 模型对汽车金融的宏观环境进行分析，并比较国内外汽车金融 信贷风险管理的不同方式，提炼出可借鉴的部分。另外本文重点以 B 汽车金融公司为例， 对 B 公司在行业中的发展情况进行 SWOT 分析，通过贷前、贷中、贷后三个节点，找 出其信贷风险管理的问题并分析其产生的原因。并尝试仍通过贷前、贷中、贷后三方面 提出风险管理的优化策略及保障措施。这对 B 汽车金融公司的信贷风险管理优化提供了 参考和借鉴。 关键词，汽车金融，信贷，风险管理西北大学硕士学位论文 II ABSTRACT With the improvement of living standards, cars have become a necessity in life. At the same time, more consumers began to accept the concept of auto mortgage finance, which led to the accelerated development of the auto finance industry. After two decades of explosive development, China's automobile industry has become an important pillar industry in the national economy with an annual sales volume approaching 30 million. It is also because of the long-term development that the development of the automobile industry has encountered a bottleneck. The booming growth of automobile consumer credit, on the one hand, provides new profit points for various automobile manufacturers, on the other hand, it is also one of the main ways to help balance the contradiction between automobile supply and demand. It is precisely because auto finance, as a relatively new type of financial service, attracts more and more auto manufacturers and financial institutions to enter this field, and the consequent risk problems are gradually revealed. In particular, China's own credit system is not good, the risk management is lagging behind, the relevant legal system is not perfect and other reasons for the development of China's auto finance industry has had a certain negative impact. At present, the risk control problems exposed in the auto finance industry include the following types: customer credit risk, identity forgery, false car purchase, potential intermediary fraud in the market, post-loan overdue disposal risk, etc. The core of auto finance is risk management and control. Compared with foreign developed countries, the penetration rate of China's auto finance still has a lot of room for development. The lack of experience in the prevention of auto finance risks is also the reason that hinders China's auto finance industry from getting closer to western developed countries. Firstly, this paper expounds the relevant concepts of automobile financial risk management and the existing research status of domestic and foreign scholars on this issue. Secondly, it analyzes the macro environment of automobile finance with the PEST model, and compares the different ways of credit risk management of automobile finance at home and abroad to extract the reference parts. In addition, this paper focuses on B auto finance company as an example, carries out SWOT analysis on B company's development in the industry, and finds out the problems in its credit risk management and analyzes the causes through three nodes: pre-delivery, in-delivery and post-delivery. The optimization strategy and safeguard measuresABSTRACT III of risk management are put forward through three aspects of pre-shipment, in-shipment and post-shipment. This provides a reference for the optimization of credit risk management of B auto finance company. Keywords: Auto Finance , Credit , Risk Management西北大学硕士学位论文 IV 目 录 摘要...........................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................................II 目 录........................................................................................................................................IV 第一章 绪论.............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 选题背景...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 研究意义...................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 实践意义........................................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 理论意义.......................................................................................................... 4 1.3 研究内容、框架及方法.............................................................................................. 4 1.3.1 研究内容.......................................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 研究框架.......................................................................................................... 5 1.3.3 研究方法.......................................................................................................... 6 1.4 特点及创新之处.......................................................................................................... 6 第二章 理论综述...................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 基本概念 ..................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 汽车金融的概念............................................................................................... 8 2.1.2 风险管理的概念............................................................................................... 8 2.2 国外研究现状 ............................................................................................................. 9 2.3 国内研究现状 ............................................................................................................11 2.4 评述 ........................................................................................................................... 13 2.4.1 国外研究现状评述........................................................................................ 13 2.4.2 国内研究现状评述........................................................................................ 13 第三章 汽车金融行业的风险综述........................................................................................ 14 3.1 基于 PEST 模型的汽车金融风险宏观环境分析.................................................... 14 3.1.1 政治环境分析................................................................................................. 14 3.1.2 经济环境分析................................................................................................. 15 3.1.3 社会环境分析................................................................................................. 17目 录 V 3.1.4 技术环境分析 .................................................................................................19 3.2 汽车金融行业的信贷风险