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近几年,中国环境问题层出不穷,污染形势严峻,能资源浪费严重。大量的 工业废水和生活污水排入水中,造成多地出现饮用水源被严重污染。在我国“十 二五”规划纲要当中制定了节能减排时间表,要求到 2015 年主要污染物的排放总 量降低 10%左右。作为民机项目典范,S 公司社会责任重大,在保护环境、节约 能源方面责无旁贷。但是,随着公司批产能力的提升,目前的能耗使用量却越来 越大。 以荧光工艺清洗水量为例,每个月约为 100 吨,均委托外运处理。每周委托 外运处理 3 次,每次处理量为 7 吨,处理费用为 500 元/吨,一周处理费用就超 过 1 万元,且处理费用每年都在上涨,处理成本过高。本课题利用荧光废水处理 及回用项目,废水经处理后,排水口水质达到<<上海市污水综合排放标准;;DB 31/199 -2009 二级排放标准,最大限度地降低成本和运行费用。 本文主要研究内容有,阐述课题背景、研究意义及目的;介绍荧光废水中的 主要污染物及性质,分析比较现有处理方法(委托外运)和新方法(自行处理) 的利弊,结合政府相关政策进行长远性预估;提出荧光废水处理能力、出水水质 等实验要求,通过分析确定荧光废水物化处理方案,排除荧光渗透检测灵敏度的 干扰因素,选定工艺,利用工艺流程图分解说明;比较多种投资评估方案的适用 性,使用回收期法建立模型、数据分析;研究制造费用控制、节约能耗等控制成 本的方法,并研究适用性;将前后水样与水质、实际处理效果与成本进行比较分 析;最终得出总结。 通过模拟分析得出满足成本控制的必要条件,通过实验发现实际操作满足必 要条件且数据良好,比预期效果更显著,故方法可行。 关键词,节能减排,荧光废水处理,成本控制,回收期法分析上海交通大学工程硕士学位报告 ABSTRACT II FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF ENERGY CONSERVATION AND EMISSION REDUCTION ABSTRACT In recent years, our environmental problems have been more and more, the pollution situation is grim, resources waste is serious. A large number of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage into the water, causing serious pollution of drinking water sources occurs more. “The Twelfth Five-year Plan" clearly put forward the targets of energy conservation and emission reduction —— until 2015, the total amount of discharge of major pollutants should be reduced by 10%. In addition, “The Twelfth Five-year Plan" also made clear the control categories of the major pollutants. On the basic of the two categories, chemical oxygen demand and carbon dioxide, which were mentioned in “The Eleventh Five-year Plan", it increased pollution control index of two categories,ammonia and nitrogen oxides. AS the example of civilian aircrafts, S company has a great social responsibility, especially in protecting the environment and saving energy. With the lifting batch-production capability, the energy consumption is bigger and bigger currently. For example, the cleaning water of fluorescence technique is about 100 tons each month, and consigned outward processing. 3 times per week, 7 tons everytime, 500 yuan per ton, then it costs more than 10,000 yuan per week. And the treatment cost is appreciated every year, what makes the treatment cost too high. This task, fluorescence wastewater treatment, after the wastewater be treated, water quality of the drain reach the secondary standard in《Shanghai sewage comprehensive discharge standard》 DB 31/199 -2009, and can be reused. It can farthest reduce the cost and operation expense. The main research contents are as follows: introducing the project background、 research meaning and purpose; present the main pollutants and properties, analyse and compare existing treatment method and new method, and estimate them with correlative governmental policies; putting forward the experimental requirements of disposal capacity、worked water quality and so on, through analysis to determine the scheme of fluorescence wastewater physicochemical treatment, eliminate interference factors of the fluorescent penetrant testing sensitivity, selecting the process, decompounding and explaining with craftwork flowchart; comparing many investment evaluation projects, using the Payback Period Method Theory to model上海交通大学工程硕士学位报告 ABSTRACT III and analyse; research many cost control methods and their applicabilities; analysis the water quality before and after, comparing the actual processing effect and cost; finally concluded. Through the simulation analysis, we get the necessary conditions how to meet cost control. And through the experiments, it shows that the actual operation meet the necessary conditions and the data is good, what is more prominent than expectant effect. So the method is feasible. KEY WORDS: energy conservation and emission reduction, fluorescence wastewater treatmen, cost control,analysis of the payback method上海交通大学工程硕士学位报告 目录 IV 目 录 摘要 ........ I ABSTRACT..... II 目 录 ....... IV 第一章 绪 论.. 1 1.1 课题背景 .. 1 1.2 报告研究意义及目的. 1 1.3 国内外研究现状..... 2 1.3.1 技术可行性......2 1.3.2 经济可行性......2 1.3.3 社会可行性......3 1.4 报告的主要研究内容. 3 1.5 报告的章节安排..... 3 第二章 S 公司荧光废水的处理方法分析 ...... 5 2.1 主要污染物及性质 ... 5 2.2 技术层面 .. 6 2.2.1 委外处理方法..6 2.2.2 自行处理方法..7 2.3 成本问题.. 8 2.3.1 委外处理方法..8 2.3.2 自行处理方法..8 2.4 社会影响.. 9 2.5 综合评估比较....... 9 2.6 本章小结. 10 第三章 技术可行性..... 11 3.1 技术要求. 11 3.1.1 荧光废水处理能力.11 3.1.2 出水水质要求11 3.1.3 总体要求........11 3.2 荧光废水物化处理方案....... 12 3.2.1 废水水质特点..12 3.2.2 国内外废水处理方法及原理综述......12上海交通大学工程硕士学位报告 目录 V 3.2.3 物化方法适用性比较........13 3.2.4 工艺流程........15 3.3 预期效果. 17 3.4 本章小结. 17 第四章 经济可行性..... 18 4.1 投资评估方案...... 18 4.1.1 投资评估技术..18 4.1.1.1 投资回收期...18 4.1.1.2 会计收益率...19 4.1.1.3 内部收益率...20 4.1.1.4 净现值..20 4.1.2 国内外研究现状分析及适用性比较..21 4.1.3 相对投资回收期法...22 4.1.3.1 设备的经济寿命 22 4.1.3.2 相对投资回收期法....... 24 4.1.4 数据分析......25 4.1.5 建立模型并分析.....26 4.1.6 初步结论........27 4.2 成本控制. 29 4.2.1 制造费用控制29 4.2.2 节约能耗——处理废水回用...30 4.2.3 错峰工作........33 4.3 预期效果. 33 4.4 本章小结. 34 第五章 社会可行性..... 35 5.1 政策支持. 35 5.2 客观条件. 36 第六章 实际处理效果与成本...... 37 6.1 前后水质比较 ...... 37 6.1.1 目测法观察....37 6.1.2 水质检测分析37 6.2 实际处理效果与成本 38 6.2.1 初始投资........38 6.2.2 设备保修期....38 6.2.3 实际运行效果38上海交通大学工程硕士学位报告 目录 VI 6.3 本章小结. 40 第七章 总结与展望..... 41 7.1 总结..... 41 7.1.1 工艺效果评价...41 7.1.2 节能减排与成本控制效果评价.41 7.1.3 相对投资回收期法分析效果评价......42 7.2 本文的不足与展望.. 42