I
摘要
为改善传统城镇建设方式所导致的城市水生态失衡，解决城市内涝频发和水资源短
缺等问题，国家提出推广低影响开发模式，利用雨水资源修复城市水循环能力，构建符
合自然生态特性的海绵城市。同时，倡导采用PPP（Public-Private Partnership）模式引
入社会资本，通过发挥其资金、技术、管理等优势来提升项目建设效益
尽管国家大力支持，但在实际操作中，地方政府以PPP模式建设海绵城市项目仍面
临着诸多问题和风险，尤其是融资方面存在着体制机制不完善、渠道单一、结构不合理
等问题。采取何种方法优化融资环境，更合理便捷地解决庞大建设资金来源问题是现实
而亟需的。目前国内多是对海绵城市项目工程建设，或是PPP模式在海绵城市建设中的
应用等进行探讨，而聚焦于海绵城市项目PPP模式融资问题的研究稍显不足
本文立足于当前我国经济发展进入新常态、深入推进供给侧结构性改革的大背景，
运用文献资料法、逻辑归纳法、比较分析法和案例分析法等研究方法，从海绵城市建设
融资现状和PPP模式的特点、优势入手，阐述海绵城市项目采用PPP模式融资的可行
性，解析海绵城市项目PPP模式融资中存在的主要问题，并结合H市项目案例，从法
律法规、运作模式、融资结构、收益和风险、退出机制等方面提出改善项目融资困境的
对策建议，期望对缓解我国地方海绵城市项目PPP模式融资难问题有所启发
关键词：海绵城市，PPP模式，社会资本
III
ABSTRACT
In order to ameliorate the imbalance of urban water ecological caused by traditional urban
constructing methods and solve the problems of frequent floods or water shortages in cities, China
proposed to promote low-impact development models on the bases of foreign experience. The LID model,
which is a kind of the sponge city meeting the natural ecological characteristics by making full use of
rainwater resources to repair urban water cycles. Meanwhile, in the progress of advocating the PPP model
for the introduction of social capital so that the benefits of their capital, technology, and management can
be used to improve project construction efficiency.
Despite of the strong support from center government, the PPP model for the construction of the
Sponge City project by local governments still faces many problems and risks in actual. Especially in terms
of financing, there are problems such as imperfect system and mechanism, single channel and unreasonable
structure. It is a real and urgent need to take measures to optimize the financing environment and more
solve the problem of huge sources of construction capital reasonably and conveniently. At present, many
domestic projects are focused on the construction of the Sponge City Project or the application of the PPP
model in Sponge City projects. Research which focused on the financing of the Sponge City Project using
PPP model is slightly insufficient. Therefore, it is realistic and urgently needed to analyze the financing of
the PPP model of the Sponge Urban Project, and to explore how to optimize the financing environment and
solve the difficulties of financing huge construction funds.
In the background of the new normal China’s economy and further promoting the supply-side
structural reform, this paper use literature research methods, logical induction methods, comparative
analysis methods, case analysis methods, etc. From the current situation of the financing in sponge city
project and the characteristics and advantages of PPP model, this paper explain the feasibility of the sponge
city project adopting the PPP model for financing. Then the main problems in the financing of the sponge
city project PPP model are analyzed. Combined with H city project case, this paper proposed some
practical suggestions from the view of laws and regulations, operation modes, financing structures, benefits
IV
and risks, and exit mechanisms, which are expected to provide some inspiration for alleviating the
financing difficulties of sponge city project using PPP model in local area.
KEY WORDS: Sponge City, PPP Model, Social Capital
V
目录
摘要 ..... I
ABSTRACT .... III
1 绪 论 .. 1
1.1 背景研究 .......... 1
1.1.1 我国海绵城市建设需求分析 ..... 1
1.1.2 海绵城市建设相关政策支持 ..... 2
1.1.3 我国推广PPP模式的现实意义4
1.2 研究目的和意义 .......... 4
1.3 国内外研究现状 .......... 5
1.3.1 国外研究现状综述 ......... 5
1.3.2 国内研究现状综述 ......... 6
1.3.3 研究述评 . 7
1.4 研究内容与方法 .......... 8
1.4.1 研究内容 . 8
1.4.2 研究方法 . 9
1.5 研究特色 ........ 10
2 相关基本理论 .......... 11
2.1 海绵城市的概念及特点 ........ 11
2.1.1 海绵城市概念 ... 11
2.1.2 海绵城市的特点 ........... 11
2.2 PPP模式的概念及特点 .......... 13
2.2.1 PPP模式概念 .... 13
2.2.2 PPP模式的特点13
2.2.3 PPP模式的选择14
2.3 PPP模式融资理论基础 .......... 18
2.3.1 公共物品理论 ... 18。