“机器换人”是解决这一难题的一种有效方式。为此,浙江积极融入
“中国制造 2025”战略,推进“机器换人”,加快制造业企业转型
升级。2012 年以来,浙江省已推出一系列优惠补贴政策鼓励企业实
施“机器换人”。然而,相关政策实施效果的评估并不充分。诸如这
些政策是否推动企业实施“机器换人”,是否解决了企业实施过程中
遇到的障碍等问题并无答案
为此,本文在阅读大量文献的基础上,以调查问卷的形式从企业
的角度出发对浙江省“机器换人”促进政策的实施效果进行了研究
本文认为现有促进政策对企业“机器换人”决策的影响还是较为明显
的,现行促进政策能促使企业实施“机器换人”,同时企业规模会影
响政策对企业“机器换人”决策的作用大小。另一方面,执行力度越
大,完善的政策作用于企业“机器换人”的效果越好。除此之外,现
有政策不能真正有效地解决企业在“机器换人”中遇到的障碍,资金
不足、专业人才缺乏以及技术难题等问题仍然存在。最后,也发现现
有促进政策是有偏的,更能帮助小规模企业推进“机器换人”,对帮助大规模企业的作用有限
关键词:用工荒,机器换人,优惠政策,实施效果,政策评估
论文类型:应用基础研究EVALUATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION EFFECT
OF “SUBSTITUTION OF MACHINE FOR LABOR”
POLICY IN ZHEJIANG PROVINCE
ABSTRACT
In recent years, China’s Southeast coastal area suffers from the shortage of the
low-end labor force, and as an important manufacturing province, its labor-intensive
industries encounter the problem of labor shortage as well. “Substitution of machine
for labor” could cope with the difficulties in recruitment and employment effectively.
Therefore, Zhejiang actively involves in “Made in China 2025” strategy, promotes the
progress of the substitution and accelerates transformation and upgrading of the
manufacturing industry. Since 2012, the province launched a series of preferential
policies to encourage the implementation of substitution. However, the evaluation of
the related policy is not sufficient. The issues such as whether the polices improve the
implementation of enterprises’ “Substitution of machine for labor” and whether they
solve the problems or not has not been explored.
Therefore, this thesis, based on lots of literature, has done the following work.
1pleted the field research and expert interviews, untangled and summarized the
of “substitution of machine for labor” policies of Zhejiang province.2.Obtained the
enterprises’ satisfaction degree of such polices and done the descriptive statistical
analysis.3.Studied the effects of the existing policies, using the methods of Variance
analysis, Factor analysis and Regression analysis by SPSS.
The result of this thesis validated the hypothesis of the research and confirmed
the influence of related policies on the decision of “substitution of machine for labor”.
Specifically, the propaganda, the perfectness and the enforcement have prominent
effects on the enterprise decision-making. Under the influence of policies, the
expected result of substitution is good.However, the policies are biased. They are
more helpful for the large-scale enterprises in improving their competitiveness while
they have limited effects on the “substitution of machine for labor” of the small-scale
enterprises.
KEYWORDS: Labor shortage; Substitution of machine for labor; Preferential
policies; Implementation result; Evaluation of policies
TYPE OFTHESIS:Application Fundamentals目 录
1 绪论.........1
1.1 研究背景... 1
1.2 研究意义... 2
1.3 研究内容... 3
1.4 研究方法和思路. 4
1.5 研究创新点.......... 5
2 文献综述..........7
2.1 “机器换人”的经济学解释.7
2.2.1 行为经济学理论...8
2.2.2 新古典经济学理论9
2.2 实施“机器换人”的影响因素...... 10
2.3“机器换人”的企业与社会效果....12
2.4 公共政策评估...14
2.4.1 政策评估的必要性.........14
2.4.2 政策评估标准与类型.....15
2.5 文献述评18
3 政策梳理........20
3.1 “机器换人”政策内涵........20
3.2 “机器换人”政策现状与内容梳理.........20
3.2.1 财政扶持. 21
3.2.2 融资扶持. 22
3.2.3 税收扶持. 23
4 研究设计........25
4.1 研究方案25
4.1.1 研究目的和研究对象..... 25
4.1.2 研究方法. 25
4.1.3 实验设计. 26
4.1.4 调查问卷设计..... 27
4.2 政策影响模型...30
4.2.1 政策的目标原则. 30
4.2.2 模型构建. 314.2.3 研究假设. 33
5 实施效果分析.........36
5.1 描述性统计和实验分析........36
5.1.1 描述性统计......... 36
5.1.2 实验分析. 38
5.2 调查问卷信度和效度检验.....
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