本文在对风险及国际贸易风险的相关理论进行总结的基础上,以河北 LY 公
司的基本经营情况、贸易操作流程、对日出口案例等为切入点展开了研究。经调
查发现,作为百分之百外销的童装出口企业,河北 LY 公司的绝大部分产品输往
日本,而其对日贸易自 2010 年以来出现总量在上下波动中总体下行的趋势,利
润水平也整体下滑,而这一现象的出现主要源于出口受到一定限制、客户履约出
现困难、货款难以追回或面临贬值、成本持续上升等因素的综合作用。通过分析
这些作用因素产生的内外部原因发现,在外部层面公司主要受到出口国市场整体
消费能力下滑、生产据点逐步从中国转向东南亚、汇率出现大幅波动、总体行业
成本上升的影响,而在内部层面公司由于缺乏风险管理意识及实际应用能力,导
致其市场过于集中,且在信用风险、汇率风险、成本风险方面缺乏管理
因此,本文建议 LY 公司结合内外部情况,针对出口受限风险、债权回收风
险、货款贬值风险、成本上升风险及总体管理风险采取相应的对策,围绕市场开
拓、授信、合同条款保障设计、外币保值工具利用、产品及经营模式创新、总体
保障等环节实施科学的管理措施
关键词:风险管理,纺织品,对日出口2
Abstract
Since the beginning of the reform and opening-up, China&39;s textile industry has
developed rapidly, and China has become one of the fastest-growing countries in the
global textile industry. With exceptional advantage in labor, raw materials and other
aspects, China has become the world factory. In spite of having promoted the
development of China&39;s national economy for a long time, this has also confronted
China&39;s textile export industry with a series of risks amid the gradual maturation of
the domestic economy and the constant changes of global demands. A growing
number of events show that China&39;s textile export industry is facing internal and
external troubles, and needs wisdom on the way ahead. Therefore, with Hebei LY
Company, a typical small & medium-sized clothing foreign trade enterprise selected
from numerous Chinese textile export companies, as target, and its export trade with
Japan as scope, this paper will conduct a risk study.
On the basis of summarizing the theories of risks and the risk of international
trade, this paper studies the basic operation and trade operation of LY, as well as its
cases of export trade with Japan. A survey shows that LY exports most of its products
to Japan as a children&39;s wear export enterprise, and its total trade volume with Japan
and profit margin have declined overall in fluctuations since 2010. The phenomenon
has been caused by export restriction, the difficulty in customers&39; contract
performance, the difficulty in the recovery of payment for goods and devaluation, the
continuous increase in cost and other factors. After an analysis of the internal and
external causes of these factors, it is discovered that, externally, the company is
mainly affected by the decline in the overall consumption power of export
destinations, the gradual transfer of production bases from China to Southeast Asia,
the drastic fluctuation in exchange rates and the rise in overall industrial costs;
internally, for lack of the awareness of risk management or practical ability, the
company&39;s market is excessively concentrated, and its deficient in credit risk, foreign3
exchange risk and cost risk management.
Therefore, this paper suggests that LY should take corresponding measures for
the risk of export restriction, the risk of debt recovery, the risk of payment devaluation,
the risk of cost rise and the risk of overall management in light of its internal and
external conditions, and implement scientific management measures for market
development, credit extension, contract guarantee design, use of foreign currency
hedging instruments, product and business model innovation, and overall guarantee.
Keywords: Risk management, textile, export trade with Japan4
目 录
第 1 章 绪论.........1
1.1 研究背景及意义 ..........1
1.1.1 研究背景...........1
1.1.2 研究意义 ...........2
1.2 国内外研究现状 ..........2
1.2.1 国外研究现状.......2
1.2.2 国内研究现状.......3
1.2.3 小结...4
1.3 研究内容与研究方法 ......5
1.3.1 研究内容...........5
1.3.2 研究方法...........5
1.4 研究框架 ....5
第 2 章 国际贸易风险管理相关理论.7
2.1 风险管理概要 7
2.1.1 风险的定义.........7
2.1.2 风险管理的定义、目的和方法.....7
2.2 国际贸易风险管理理论 ...10
2.2.1 国际贸易风险的概念10
2.2.2 国际贸易风险的分类和应对方法..11
第 3 章 河北 LY 公司对日服装贸易的现状与风险.17
3.1 河北 LY 公司基本情况 ....17
3.1.1 公司概要..........17
3.1.2 公司外贸业务流程..18
3.1.3 公司经营情况......20
3.2 河北 LY 公司对日出口业务风险类型分析 21
3.2.1 出口受限风险......215
3.2.2 债权回收风险......22
3.2.3 货款贬值风险......24
3.2.4 成本上升风险......25
3.3 河北 LY 公司对日出口业务风险原因分析 26
3.3.1 外部原因..........26
3.3.2 内部原因..........33
第 4 章 结论与建议..37
4.1 结论 .......37
4.2 河北 LY 公司对日出口业务风险管理建议 37
4.2.1 调整出口市场结构..37
4.2.2 加强信用风险管理..38
4.2.3 加强汇率风险管理..42
4.2.4 开展渠道及品牌建设43
4.2.5 建立风险管理小组..43
致 谢..45
参考文献...........46
附 录..48中国地质大学(北京)专业硕士学位论文第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.1.1 研究背景
在经济全球化的大背景下,国家或地区之间通过国际贸易追求利益已经成为
一项重要的经济活动。不论国内贸易还是国际贸易,都离不开物品或服务的买卖,
但因国际贸易具有国际性、文化差异等特点,所以其风险和壁垒也相应增加
中国以改革开放为契机,对外贸易取得了长足发展,目前在国际上已经成为
具有广泛影响力的贸易大国。但贸易大国并非贸易强国,围绕我国外贸企业的风
险呈现着多元化和复杂化的趋势。根据中国出口信用保险公司发布的《国家风险
分析报告》数据显示,我国外贸企业的坏账率长年来居高不下。这些坏账必然给
企业和我国的对外贸易带来负面影响,而其根本原因在于,对信用风险的管理缺
失或不到位。此外,因汇率浮动及大宗商品价格的下降,2016 年中国失去了世
界第一货物贸易国的地位,围绕对外贸易的汇率风险不容乐观。另据中国商务部
公布的数据,从 2016 年初到同年 12 月 21 日,共有 27 个国家或者地区针对中国
发起了贸易救济调查,数量达到 117 起,涉案总金额为 139.8 亿美元,案件的数
量以及金额同比上升了 34.5%和 71.5%,预计 2017 年中国的贸易摩擦形势将更加
严峻
在上述大环境下,我国开展对外服装贸易之际,也面临重大挑战。伴随着位
于东南亚等地区的一些国家逐渐兴起,以及欧洲、美国、日本等发达国家设置各
种贸易屏障,我国服装出口危机四伏。以日本为例,由于采购商采取了“中国+1”
策略,2013 年中国产品在日本进口服装市场上的份额较上年下降 2.6 个百分点,
日本自其他东南亚的进口份额增加,自印度尼西亚的进口额增幅为 58%,自越南
的增幅为 37.8%,泰国、孟加拉国也呈现出不同程度的增长态势。日本采购中心
转移的影响持续发酵,加之日本消费税的提高,进入 2014
。。。以上简介无排版格式,详细内容请下载查看