目前，我国的商业银行风险管理的核心是信贷风险管理。如何有效降低和防
范贷款风险、确保贷款资金安全是我国商业银行必须要完成的长期而艰巨的任
务。近年来通过大量的理论与实践研究，我国商业银行信贷资产质量得到明显提
高。然而，农业产业具有弱质性，大多涉农企业存在资产负债率高、可作为抵押
品的有效资产少、经营稳定性较差、发展动力不足等问题，导致涉农贷款风险普
遍高于其他产业。因此，涉农企业贷款风险管理问题更具有研究和探索价值。在
当前金融环境下，加强涉农企业贷款风险的管理就成为了我国商业银行应对同行
业的激烈竞争、提高自身竞争力及盈利能力的关键因素
本文以实际工作经验为基础，从商业银行的角度，以我国涉农中小企业为研
究对象，对涉农中小企业贷款风险管理问题及其创新进行研究。除最后一章结束
语外，本文全文共分为五大部分。首先是绪论部分，其中包括本文研究背景及意
义、国内外商业银行风险管理相关研究进行研究综述以及本文的研究思路。其次
是对涉农企业贷款风险管理的理论进行评述，包括涉农企业概念的界定和对涉农
企业贷款风险的认识以及贷款风险管理理论。再次是对涉农企业贷款风险管理现
状进行分析。然后是对涉农企业贷款风险管理问题的探索，具体包括我国商业银
行在涉农企业信贷风险管理中存在的问题以及从外部面临的环境因素、商业银行
自身因素、涉农企业因素等方面详细分析了涉农企业贷款风险的成因。最后根据
涉农企业信贷风险的成因以及我国商业银行贷款风险管理中存在的问题，对有效
防控涉农企业贷款风险提出了风险管理创新，具体包括两个方面：一是涉农企业
贷款模式创新；二是商业银行涉农企业贷款风险管理创新
关键词：商业银行；涉农企业；贷款风险；风险管理；创新
ABSTRACT
AGRICULTURE-RELATED
ENTERPRISES LOAN RISK
MANAGEMENT AND INNOVATION
ABSTRACT
The development of modern economic society can not be separated from the
financial support, so is the development of agriculture. However, the direct financing
ability of China's agricultural industry is relatively weak, lending to commercial
banks has become a major source of funding for the development of the agricultural
industry. With the deepening of China's rural reform, agriculture-related loans play an
irreplaceable role to improve the level of agricultural infrastructure construction,
promote scientific and technological progress and farmers’ income increasing. The
country gives agriculture a lot of credit funds support, And the resulting credit risk has
become the risks Commercial banks must face. Under the current situation, both
commercial banks and policy banks should strengthen the credit risk management, in
order to ensure the safety of its credit assets, and promote the healthy development of
the money market.
Loan risk management is the center of risk management of China's commercial
banks.How to effectively reduce and prevent loan risks, to ensure the safety of loan
funds is a long-term and arduous task that our commercial banks must complete. In
recent years, through a large number of theoretical and practical research, credit asset
quality of China's commercial bank has been significantly improved. However, the
agriculture industry is weak, most agriculture-related enterprises have problems. Such
as high assets and liabilities rate, less collateral assets, poor operating stability, lack of
power development, results in the loan risk of Agricultural loans is generally higher
than other industries. Therefore, the problem of credit risk management of agriculture
related enterprises has more research value. In the current financial environment,
strengthening the management of loan risk of agriculture-related enterprises became a
key factor of commercial banks to cope with the fierce competition in the same
industry and enhance the competitiveness and profitability.
Based on the actual work experience, from the perspective of commercial banks,
agriculture-related enterprises as the research object, this paper studies the loan risk
management and its innovation. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part is
the introduction part. The second is to review the agricultural enterprise loan risk
management theories, Including the definition of the concept of agriculture-related华北水利水电大学硕士学位论文
IV
enterprises and the understanding of agricultural loan risks. The third part is the
agricultural enterprise risk management status analysis. The fourth part is to explore
agriculture-related enterprises loan risks management. Finally puts forward the
innovation of risk management in order to effectively control the agriculture-related
enterprises loan risk.
KEY WORDS:Commercial Bank; Agriculture-related Enterprise; Loan Risk; Risk
Management; Management Innovation目 录
目 录
摘 要 .I
ABSTRACT.....III
1 绪论 ..........1
1.1 研究背景及意义...1
1.2 国内外研究现状...2
1.2.1 国外关于商业银行风险管理研究综述...2
1.2.2 国内关于涉农企业贷款风险管理研究综述 .......4
1.3 研究思路与内容...8
1.3.1 研究的主要内容...8
1.3.2 研究方法...9
1.3.3 技术路线.10
1.3.4 研究遇到的问题及解决办法.....10
1.4 论文创新之处.....10
2 涉农企业贷款风险管理的理论评述.....13
2.1 相关概念界定.....13
2.1.1 涉农企业概念界定.........13
2.1.2 涉农企业贷款风险的认识.........14
2.2 贷款风险管理理论概述.17
2.2.1 风险管理理论.....17
2.2.2 信贷配给相关理论.........18
2.2.3 贷款风险识别理论.........18
2.2.4 贷款风险控制理论.........18
3 涉农企业贷款风险管理现状介绍.........21
3.1 涉农企业贷款的特殊性.21
3.1.1 国家政策、法律、法规特殊性.21
3.1.2 贷款环境特殊性.21
3.1.3 贷款对象特殊性.22
3.1.4 风险形成原因特殊性.....22
3.2 我国涉农企业贷款风险及管理现状分析.........23
3.2.1 贷款支持对于我国农业发展的重要性.23
3.2.2 我国农业贷款的供求关系现状.24
3.2.3 我国涉农企业贷款风险的现状.24
4 涉农企业贷款风险管理问题分析.........27
4.1 涉农企业贷款风险管理的一般方法.....27
4.2 涉农企业贷款风险管理中的问题.........28
4.2.1 涉农贷款风险管理意识较为淡薄.........28
4.2.2 涉农贷款管理不严、缺乏有效的内部控制制度 .........28
4.2.3 客户管理不到位、信息不对称.29
4.2.4 涉农企业不良贷款责任追究不力.........29
4.2.5 银行风险管理机制不完善.........30
4.2.6 银行涉农金融产品体系不健全.31
4.3 我国商业银行涉农企业贷款风险的成因分析.31
4.3.1 商业银行外部面临的环境分析.31
4.3.2 我国商业银行的内部因素分析.32
4.3.3 农业行业特殊性及涉农企业自身因素分析 .....33
5 涉农企业贷款风险管理创新.....35
5.1 涉农企业贷款模式创新.35
5.1.1 涉农贷款产品创新.........35
5.1.2 间接信贷模式.....35
5.1.3 涉农企业融资服务网络平台.....36
5.2 商业银行涉农企业贷款风险管理创新.36
5.2.1 设立专营机构.....36
5.2.2 建立独立的涉农企业贷款内部监督和绩效考核机制 .38
5.2.3 涉农企业贷款全流程风险管理.38
5.2.4 完善涉农企业贷款风险补偿机制.........40
6 结束语.....41
6.1 论文研究结论.....41
6.2 研究不足与展望.41
致 谢 ..........43
参考文献.....451 绪论
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