然后，论文概述了武汉市大型超市的经营发展状况，阐述并分析了各大超市在采购、
配送、运输、仓储、物流信息技术等方面的物流运作现状，并指出了其优势和不足，并结
合武汉市“十一五”规划期间有关物流产业发展规划，描述了武汉市大型超市的发展趋势。
其三，论文分析了武汉市大型超市实施采购联盟的可行性，提出了建立以大型共用配
送中心为枢纽的配送联盟战略构想。对采购环节，提出了可以有效地运用于联合采购的成
本分摊模型；对配送环节，通过对武汉市重要大型超市的实际位置分布情况建立直角坐标
图，采用重心法探讨了共用配送中心的选址决策问题；对物流服务环节，提出了统一第三
方物流企业的构想，并采用层次分析法对如何选择第三方物流联盟合作伙伴进行了理论分
析和实证研究。
最后，论文针对所构建的物流战略联盟中的几个关键问题展开了深入的分析，包括联
盟的战略动机、可行性、信任问题、学习机制、风险问题、稳定性等，并提出了相应的对
策。
论文的研究工作，旨在为今后大型超市的物流战略联盟设计、运作和管理提供有益的
借鉴和参考。
关键词：物流联盟 采购联盟 配送战略 大型超市
Abstract
At present, there are many kinds of large-scale supermarkets in Wuhan, not only the
international large-scale retail enterprises such as RT-Mart, Lotus, Metro, Wal-Mart, Carrefour,
but also a group of domestic local supermarkets here like “Wuhan Zhong Bai” and “Wu Shang
Liang Fan”. Their business has its own characteristics and each with its own logistics operation
system. But there is also a great waste, which greatly restricts the development of the
supermarket industry. This condition is inconsistent with the purpose of the construction of the
“two types of society”. Therefore with the idea of cost savings, sharing resources, improving
efficiency, this thesis has a deep research on the concept and implementation of logistics alliance
strategy about large-scale supermarket in Wuhan on the basis of investigation and analysis. The
main contents are as follows:
First of all, this thesis expounds the practical significance of the implementation of logistics
strategic alliance about large-scale supermarkets and summaries the research conditions of
strategic alliance and logistics alliance at home and abroad. At the same time, combined with
modern ideas of logistics, this thesis also expounds some related theories about strategic alliance,
logistics alliance, joint procurement, distribution centers and the third-party logistics.
Then, this thesis provides an overview of the operation and development condition of
large-scale supermarkets in Wuhan, and analyzes the status of logistics operation on the aspects
of procurement, distribution, transportation, warehousing, logistics information technology and
so on. It points out its strengths and weaknesses. Combined with the development planning of
the logistics industry in Wuhan’s Eleventh Five-Year Plan, it also describes the development
trend of large-scale supermarkets in Wuhan.
The third, this thesis analyzes the feasibility of the implementation about procurement
alliance of large-scale supermarkets in Wuhan. It proposes the concept of distribution alliance
strategy which takes large distribution centers as a shared hub. In the procurement link, this
thesis proposes the cost-sharing model which can be effectively used in the joint procurement. In
the distribution link, according to the physical location of the important large-scale supermarkets,
it establishes the right-angle coordinate graph, uses the gravity method to explore the problem of
shared distribution centers location decision-making. In the logistics services link, it proposes a
concept of unifying third-party logistics enterprises, and uses the AHP to analyze and research
how to choose a third-party logistics alliance partners.
Finally, this thesis in-depth analyzes several key issues of constructing the logistics strategic
alliances, including the alliance strategic motivation, feasibility, confidence, learning
mechanisms, risk, stability, and so on, and gives the corresponding countermeasures.
The works this thesis done is to provide a lot of useful reference for the logistics strategic
alliance design, operation and management of large supermarkets in the future.
Keywords: logistics alliance/purchasing alliance/distribution strategy/large-scale supermarkets
第一章 绪论
1.1 研究背景和意义
随着我国市场经济体制的建立、发展和逐步完善，我国的综合国力不断提高，消费市
场也日趋成熟，人们的生活水平和消费观念在近几年也出现了翻天覆地的变化。商品销售
进入了“买方市场”的时代，消费者的需求愈来愈呈现多样化、个性化的态势，并且对商
品的质量、价格、性能以及商家的服务水平都有了更高的要求。分布在小巷或社区的传统
小型零售商店已不能满足人们的购物需求，人们更多地愿意到大型超市去购物。主要原因
有以下几点：
（1）大型超市的商品种类繁多，购物环境好，能够满足不同消费者的不同消费需求，
并且集购物与休闲于一体。
（2）大型超市的商品要明显低于小型零售商店销售的商品的价格，消费者在这里购
买商品能得到更多的实惠。
（3）大型超市的商品质量有保障，在这里购物可以享受到很好的服务，而小型零售
商店的商品质量没有保证，容易出现假货、水货等情况，并且顾客难以维权。
（4）大型超市的商品很少有缺货的情况，而在小型零售商店很容易碰到商品缺货或
品种有限的情况。
由此可见，大型超市的优势是非常多的，可以给老百姓带来与以前完全不同的购物体
验，改善了人们的生活。在市场环境快速变化的今天，大型超市根据市场需求，围绕“顾
客需求”制定经营对策，加强销售信息的管理，及时掌握顾客的消费心理，适时调整采购
计划和商品结构，缩短商品流转周期，加强同供应商的联系，及时引进“适销对路”的产
品，科学重组企业业务流程，采用先进的信息管理手段对企业进行全方位的高效管理。它
们以方便快捷的购物方式、丰富的品种、新鲜的日配食品，得到广大消费者的普遍认同。
目前，在我国的大中城市、沿海发达地区，各品牌大型超市如雨后春笋般的应运而生，成
为人们消费的主要场所。近些年，一个又一个的大型超市落户武汉，并且生意非常火爆，
常常是要排队买单。这里面不光有国际大型零售商沃尔玛、家乐福、麦德龙、易初莲花、
大润发等品牌的加入，本土的超市也是非常之多，如中百仓储、武商量贩等。
各大型超市的竞争是非常激烈的，商品价格、质量、响应时间、服务水平都是影响销
售业绩的关键因素。谁能获得更低的商品进货价格、谁能及时满足顾客需要，谁就具有竞
争优势，占有更大的市场份额。而物流系统是解决这一问题的关键部门。物流是企业第三
利润的源泉，特别是对于大型超市这样的快速消费品企业，物流水平尤为重要。目前，大
多数的大型超市都有自己专门的物流部门，对采购、配送、运输、仓储、分拣等各个环节
做出规划和安排。各大超市的竞争实际上也就是各自物流系统水平的竞争。所以各大超市
的物流部门都在采取科学的方法争取更低的采购价格、更低的运输费用、更科学的分拣方
法、更少的仓储费用，以扩大销售额，增加利润。但是各家大型超市基本上都只重视独立
==>>