关键词:小微企业;融资环境;困境;成因;解决策略
ABSTRACT
Different countries in the world , and its level of economic development,capital market
development level are also different,financial system, the extent there are differences,the state
financing to support small and micro enterprise policies are different,but the problem of financing
small and micro enterprises they are all very serious exist. Currently, the world began to focus on
universal problem of financing small and micro enterprises,the financing of small and micro
enterprises to become the main object of study . China is in the primary stage of socialism , the
economy is still underdeveloped , requiring various economic forms simultaneously, as soon as
possible to enhance the economy upIn recent years,China!s rapid development of small and
micro enterprises . My Government also began to focus on supporting small and micro enterprises .
Lanzhou City,small and micro enterprises in the development and operation of the process, there
are also some financing problems. By analyzing and investigating the financing difficulties of
small and micro enterprises influencing factors ’ finding the most important factor for the interest
cost, the relationship between banks and credit policy,the macroeconomic situation and the
national industrial policy. In order to promote small and micro enterprises in the market economy,
on the financing of small and micro enterprises to effectively alleviate the plight of Lanzhou City
has stepped up efforts to support small and micro enterprises . To be able to financing difficulties
of small and micro enterprises real solution,the government, financial institutions and other
social enterprises themselves a concerted effort . To make small micro-enterprise financing
situation fundamentally eased. The small micro- enterprise itself is concerned, should establish
confidence, to obtain the trust of outside investors,will operate the wind decreased,and make
long-term planning efforts to improve the management system
Key words: small and micro enterprises ; financing environment ; plight ; cause ; solving
strategies
一、绪论
(一)研究背景及意义
我国正处在社会主义初期阶段,经济还很不发达,因此需要多种经济形式并
举,尽快把经济提升上来。近些年,我国小微企业发展很快。我国政府也开始重
点扶持小微企业。2011年,由国家统计局等联合出台了小企业界定标准。其中
标准指标有企业的营业收入等项,并根据相关行业,以中型和小型以及微型界定
中小企业。其中,国民经济中的主要行业都被纳入小微企业之中,共有行业大类
84个,行业中类362个,行业小类859个,这些企业密切涉及到经济增长和人
员就业等问题。
目前兰州市非公经济组织17. 4万户,其中私营企业4.49万户,销售收入过
亿元的企业225户,个体工商户12.7万户,农民专业合作社1306户,从业人员
67. 4万人。去年,非公经济增加值完成617. 9亿元,同比增长18.57%,占全省
的比重29. 2%,占全市GDP比重39. 3%。其中51. 1%的全市企业都是小微企业,
是解决城乡就业的关键所在,其中就业岗位的85%都是小微企业提供的,根据相
关的统计数据显示,就最终产品和服务而言,小微企业就达到60%的全市生产总
值,而上缴的税收达到全市企业的54. 3%。在增加财政税收等方面,小微企业的
贡献可见一斑。但是,在社会经济中并没有给予小微企业足够的融资支持,这
与其社会贡献不平衡。从有关数据了解到,2012年末我国27. 3%全部贷款余额
才是小微企业贷款余额。小微企业融资要比大中型企业困难得多。这使小微企业
的经营和发展受到严重限制。2008年金融危机,许多小微企业融资渠道受阻,
出现资金短缺,因此迫不得已而破产。为在我国社会经济发展中给予小微企业相
应的地位,使其充分的发挥促进经济增长的作用,我国政府急需对其融资环境和
现状进行改善,把其从融资困境中解脱出来,从而使其能够健康成长。
在我国普遍存在小微企业融资难的现状,由于小微企业本身处于弱势地位,
中小企业和相关部门也一致被其融资问题所困扰。小微企业自身和宏观经济以及
银行等方面是导致兰州市小微企业融资陷入困境的主要因素。为使兰州市小微
企业能够健康发展,更好的充分发挥其促进兰州经济发展的作用,我们需要对小
微企业的融资困境进行全面深入的认识,进而在此基础上进行分析和研究,找出
解决的办法,使小微企业走出融资困境,能够健康发展。正由于此,本文研究内
容确定在兰州市小微企业融资困境与对策,采取了抽样调查兰州市小微企业的方
式,获得宝贵的资料。以期通过本文的研究,能够为兰州小微企业融资困境的解
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