文本描述
摘 要
危机管理的概念自 20 世纪 60 年代被首次提出至今,国内外的相关理论研究
发展迅速。纵观世界上基业长青的顶级公司,它们并非一帆风顺,无一不是在发
展过程中成功度过了各种危机,并且能与时俱进历久弥新,在新的历史环境下依
然保持着顽强的生命力。近几年,国内掀起了一股危机管理研究热潮,但主要集
中在公共危机管理及企业危机管理,而对具体的供应链管理缺乏研究
在全球化的经济形势下,企业之间的竞争已转为供应链之间的竞争。本论文
即从危机管理、供应链危机管理的基本概念出发,对相关的理论进行了综述,以
利丰贸易在处理外因引起的供应链危机管理方面的实践为例,通过访谈、实地考
察、案例分析等方法,对该公司的举措进行了分析和提炼
供应链危机管理的重点理论是三阶段论:事前预警、事中管理和事后总结
本论文在三阶段理论的指导下,对外因引发的供应链危机管理进行了分析、建模,
首次对基于环境扫描的供应链危机预警系统和基于案例分析为基础的供应链危
机处理系统进行了初步应用,并提出了三条实施建议:组织保障、机制保障和持
续培训
本论文提到的供应链危机预警系统和危机处理系统及三条实施建议均紧密
结合利丰贸易的实际情况,对其供应链危机管理具有现实意义和实用价值,对于
同行业其他企业具有一定的借鉴意义
关键词:供应链危机管理;外因诱发;环境扫描;利丰案例研究
第 1 章 绪论
Abstract
Since the concept of crisis management was put forward in 1960s for the first
time, the domestic and foreign related theory develops rapidly. Throughout the world,
every old-established company is not going off smoothly. They all have successfully
overcome various crises in the process of development and can keep pace with the
times as well as maintain a strong vitality. In recent years, there is a stirring of interest
in studying crisis management in the domestic, mainly concentrated in the public
crisis management and enterprise crisis management, but lack of research on supply
chain management.
In the globalization of economy, the competition between enterprises has turned
into the competition among supply chains. The thesis from the basic concepts of crisis
management, crisis of supply chain management summarizes the related theory; base
on the actual crisis management case of Li & Fung Trading caused by external supply
chain, analyze and refine the company’s solution through interview, on-the-spot
investigations.
The core of supply chain crisis management is: early warning, ongoing
management and sum up afterwards. These three stage theory proposed by Robert
Heath in the crisis management, caused a great attention in the international. The
thesis scans and models the supply chain crisis management caused by external under
the guidance of these three stage theory. It is the first time to apply environmental
scanning to supply chain crisis early warning system and actual case analysis to
supply chain crisis processing system, and propose organization security, mechanism
security and continuous training.
The supply chain crisis early warning system and crisis management system in
this paper mentioned and three suggestions are closely combined with the actual
situation of Li & Fung Trading, has the practical significance and value to its supply
chain crisis management, have certain reference significance for other enterprises in
the same industry.
Keywords: crisis management of supply chain; external factors; environmental
scanning; Li & Fung case analysis
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究背景
近几十年以来,全球经济的格局发生了巨大变化:贸易壁垒减少,关税降低,
经济的全球化与区域化不断走向纵深。所谓全球化,不止是产品的销售市场扩大
到全球范围,甚至海外投资实现生产的本地化也不是真正的全球化,只有在生产
与资本要素层面上来整合全球不同地区的资源以实现公司的发展目标,这样才能
说是真正的全球化
在全球化的市场里,企业已经意识到产品的竞争力并非由单一企业决定的,
而是由原材料到成品的整个过程来决定,产品的竞争其实是供应链之间的竞争
其在某一地区的优势已不足傲,而只有拥有全球级的竞争才能胜出,这种立体化
的竞争模式将成为未来经济的重要特征
然而随着供应链这一概念的广泛普及,各种形式的供应链危机事件让许多公
司损失巨大甚至破产。这些危机事件在很大程度上意味着在全球化资源配置的大
背景下,供应链尤其是经营外贸业务的全球供应链的复杂性和脆弱性正在逐渐增
加。全球经济的快速发展对现代商业战略提出了更高的要求,企业对供应链危机
的表现形式应该有更加专业的认识,并需要对危机进行有效的管理
1.2 研究内容及意义
1.2.1 研究内容
供应链作为环环相扣并需要不断协调的动态链条,任何一个环节出现问题都
会导致整条链条断裂,而各环节之间存在诸多的不确定因素,供应链会遇到灾难
事件或突发性障碍,直接对公司声誉和经营业绩造成严重影响。在这种情势下,
已经有很多危机管理的研究者在不断探究供应链应该怎样协同运作才能达到最
佳效果,但这些研究并非是真正发生在危机状态下。然而在具体实践中,只有那
些对危机具有很好的防范意识,并建立相应机制来预警和应对危机的企业,才能
在短时间内掌握有用信息,迅速做出决策,避免或减少危机造成的冲击,甚至在
比同行更迅速准确地反应中为公司赢得声誉,转危为机。