精益管理作为近年来备受推崇的一个概念,旨在减少生产过程中的不必要环节
(浪费)、变“推动”为“拉动”模式,已被广大生产制造企业接纳和采用,并逐步
渗透到供应链企业中。然而被直接应用于第三方物流企业则并不多见,深层次的原因
在于商品实体在时间和空间上的移动,由于受自身条件的约束,相对资金流和信息流
而言,其实施难度和管理成本也就更高,成为制约着第三方物流企业发展和追求利润
最大化的主要瓶颈。
面对复杂的市场环境和内部递增的成本压力,作为国际第三方物流行业领军人物
之一的 CEVA 公司率先提出将精益思想引入到企业内部的管理之中,建立了符合公司
战略规划需求的精益管理方法和实施路径,并取得了初步成效。
本文首先以精益管理、精益供应链和第三方物流发展与战略为对象,对国内外相
关研究进行了综述。其次,对 CEVA 公司的经营现状和战略规划进行了介绍,并详细
分析了影响 CEVA 公司发展的内部和外部问题。最后,结合精益思想和精益供应链的
成功经验,同时依托 CEVA 公司现有研究成果,以可持续发展为原则,提出了一系列
的第三方物流企业的精益管理办法。本文的研究成果不但对其他跨国第三方物流企业
如何实施精益管理具有一定的借鉴意义,而且对中国本土的其他物流企业如何提高企
业核心竞争力同样具有重要的参考价值。
关键词: CEVA;第三方物流;精益管理;精益供应链
III
Abstract
With the sharply development of world’s economic integration, international
commerce is frequently booming. China recognized as a famous “miracle” of the world
economy and one of the international trading giants is attracting more and more top third
party logistics enterprises that played a key role among the global supply chain industries.
Nowadays, difference with the traditional service model, enterprises of third party
logistics focused more attention on “Customization” and “Value-added” strategy in order
to lock-in their customers. However, cost became another topic due to the complex and
variable operation process. Under such kind of situation, “Lean Thinking” is becoming
more and more popular and “Lean Management” is to be proposed in the theories.
Lean Management is one kind of “Pull” chain designed to reduce unnecessary link
(waste) and to improve the efficiency of the supply chain, and be accepted and adopted by
many manufacturing enterprises. In the third logistics companies (3PLs), Lean
Management is not widespread as manufacturing. The root cause is the goods moving in
the time and space, compared with the capital flow and information flow, as the restraint
itself, the cost of the logistics operation is relatively higher, as well as the difficulties.
As one of the leading company in 3PLs, CEVA scored a first by proposing the lean
thinking into management that in the line with company’s strategic planning and has got
initial success.
This thesis, at first set up the study on the lean thinking, lean supply chain and the
theory of 3PL; it summarized the internal and external relevant research. After that, it
introduced the currently situation of CEVA and analysis the problem to stop the company’s
continuing development. Finally, on the base of subject study about the lean thinking and
lean supply chain, draw initial successful lessons from the lean management application in
CEVA, the thesis put forward a series of lean management methods into 3PLs in the
principle of sustainable development. The research of this article is not only a significant
Keywords: CEVA; the Third Logistics Company (3PL); Lean Thinking; Lean
Management; Lean Supply Chain
reference to other multinational 3PLs, but also contributes values to Chinese local logistics
enterprises to improve their core competitiveness.
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 选题背景及意义
1.1.1 选题背景
世界 500 强中大部分的生产制造企业都已经在中国的入驻和发展,伴随而来的是
外资物流巨头们的蜂拥而至,以 2012 年的“全球物流企业排行榜”为例,前 10 的物
流企业都已先后全部扎根中国。如今,随着竞争的加剧,企业逐渐意识到专业化和合
作的重要性,越来越多的企业将非核心业务外包,转而专注于自己的核心业务,企业
之间的合作越来越频繁。由此导致了供应链的蓬勃发展,企业与企业之间的竞争逐渐
演变成供应链与供应链之间的竞争。物流需求的增长促进了第三方物流企业的扩张式
发展,各类不同背景的企业纷纷转型第三方物流或者将第三方物流作为新的增长点。
第三方物流作为供方和需方以外的物流服务模式,已被众多物流企业采用,在现
代物流中占有重要的地位。
另一方面,精益思想、精益管理近年来倍受推崇,在理论界亦提出了精益供应链
(Lean Supply Chain)的概念。精益供应链即以减少供应链的不必要环节(浪费),以
提高供应链效率为目标建立起的“拉式”供应链模式。随着经济的发展,“精益”的
思想逐渐渗透到传统制造业之外的行业,它由最初的在生产系统的管理实践成功,已
经逐步延伸到企业的各项管理业务,也由最初的具体业务管理方法,上升为战略管理
理念。本文将顺着精益管理在供应链企业取得的成功经验,阐述其在第三方物流企业
内的应用价值。
1.1.2 研究意义
随着市场的日益饱和,再加上近年来国际经济的逐渐萧条,第三方物流企业的利
润空间一减再减。甚至很多企业为了保持市场占有率,以牺牲营业利润为手段来面对
越来越残酷的市场环境。同时,作为合作关系另一方的供应链企业则通过对六西格玛
和精益生产等众多理论的研究、实践和完善,再加之对于第三方物流企业内部运作模
式的日渐熟悉,始终保持着对外良好的竞争优势。
竞争手段单一、利润空间逐年降低、被供应链企业视为“管理中的盲区”… …
第三方物流企业在激烈的市场环境中处于越来越被动的地位。究其原因是因为做为整