摘要
科研院所是从事科学技术研究的重要组织机构,在科学技术创新、推动社会发展
方面发挥着重要的作用。我国科研院所在推动科学技术进步和经济社会的同时,由于
体制和机制的原因,使得科研体制与经济社会需求之间的矛盾越来越突出,一方面科
研成果脱离经济社会需求,另一方面许多科研成果无法及时有效地转化为生产力。因
此,对科研体制进行改革,实现科研开发与市场的有效对接,是必然的趋势
中国南车戚墅堰所随着国家科研体制改革大趋势完成转制之后,面临着市场生存
和发展问题,市场战略经历了一个由摸索到明朗,再到主动设计的发展过程。本文选
取转制后的戚墅堰所市场战略作为研究对象,在对戚墅堰所四大核心业务过去八年经
营规模和盈利能力进行分析基础上,研究了四大核心业务在不同阶段的市场战略演绎
变化路径,将定性分析与定量分析相结合,通过对戚墅堰所SWOT战略组合进行分
析和四大核心业务未来销售进行预测,制定了实现未来目标的市场战略,提出了实现
目标的保障措施,为戚墅堰所未来市场战略的实施提供参考
本文研究内容和创新点主要体现在一下几个方面:
(1)研究了转制后的戚墅堰所市场战略演变过程。根据戚墅堰所市场发展状况,
将戚墅堰所发展过程划分为转制初期、成长期和快速发展期三个阶段,研究了三个阶
段市场目标选择的演变过程
(2)研究了戚墅堰所四大核心业务竞争能力。在研究分析四大产业发展形成过
程的基础上,根据历史财务数据,分析了轨道交通装备关键零部件、齿轮传动、工程
机械和汽车零部件等四大核心业务的经营规模和盈利能力等变化过程,反应了戚墅堰
所四大核心业务的动态状态
(3)利用统计学理论与方法对戚墅堰所四大核心业务未来销售收入进行预测,
构建了四大核心业务销售收入与相应自变量之间的回归方程,揭示了宏观指标与微观
指标之间的内在关系,在此基础上对2015年四大核心业务的销售收入情况进行了预
测,并根据预测结果,对戚墅堰所四大核心业务未来的市场战略进行了设计
(4)提出了戚墅堰所组织机构优化、技术创新、人才队伍建设、供应链管理、
投资并购及企业文化等相关措施,为顺利推进落实戚墅堰所市场战略提供了保障
关键词:中国南车戚墅堰所;市场战略;路径;线性回归
Abstract
As important scientific and technological organizations, scientific research institutions
play a key role in technical innovation and promotion of social development. However, the
conflict between the organization system and the economic and social demands becomes
increasingly outstanding due to the research system and mechanism. On one hand, some
scientific research findings are out of line with the needs of economic society, and on the
other hand,many research achievements cannot be timely and effectively translated into
productivity. The reform of scientific research system and the effective matching of
research & development projects and market demands therefore become the consequent
trend.
Following the megatrend of reform of national scientific research system, CSR
Qishuyan Research Institute (hereinafter referred to as QSYRI) implemented its
company-oriented transformation, and its market strategy went through inevitably a process
from fumble to clear, and further to initiative planning. Based on the analysis of business
volume and profitability of QSYRI's 4 core business sectors over the past 8 years, this
paper targets the market strategy applied after the transformation of organization system
and studies the evolution and route of market strategy implemented in the 4 core business
sectors at different stages by means of qualitative, quantitative and SWOT analyses in
combination with the sales prediction of the 4 sectors in the next few years. The paper also
proposes QSYRI's market strategies for the future, along with feasible supporting measures
to achieve the goal.
The contents and innovative ideas of this paper are highlighted in the following
aspects:
(1) The evolution of QSYRI's market strategy applied after its organization
transformation is studied. Considering its marketing situation, QSYRI's development is
divided into initial stage, growth stage and rapid development stage in terms of the
transition of market target selection at the 3 stages.
(2) The competitive power of QSYRI's 4 core business sectors is discussed. Based on
the historical financial data, the development of business volume and profitability of the 4
sectors, involving key parts and components for rail transit equipment, gear transmissions,
track maintenance machinery and auto parts, is analyzed, which indicate their dynamic
states.
(3) A prediction is made of the sales revenue of the 4 sectors for the next few years
with the aid of statistical theories and methods, and regression equations between their
sales revenue and corresponding independent variables are established, revealing the
internal relations between macro indicators and micro indicators. On that basis, market
strategies for the 4 sectors for the future are planned in accordance with the sales
prediction.
(4) Relative measures, such as optimization of organization structure, technological
innovation, talent cultivation,supply chain management, investment, merger & acquisition,
corporate culture, etc., are proposed for the purpose of smoothly driving the
implementation of market strategies for QSYRI.
Key words: CSR QSYRI; market strategy; route ; linear regression
第1章绪论
1.1研究背景和意义
1.1.1科研院所转制背景
科研院所是从事科学技术研究的重要组织机构,在科学技术创新、推动社会发展
方面发挥着重要的作用。新中国成立后,我国实行了以集中管理和单一计划调节为特
点的科研体制,当时科研机构数量比较少。1956年,在国家制定了从《1956年到1967
年全国科学技术发展远景规划》之后的较短时间里,初步建立起了由中科院、高等院
校、产业部门、地方科研机构等四层次构成的科研体系,其运作管理体制与当时国家
非单纯经济指向的结构型赶超经济发展战略相吻合,在国际经济封锁,国内科技资源
短缺的情况下,能够将有限的资源向战略目标领域集中,在较短时间内取得重要领域
的突破。经过十几年间培育和发展,我国建立起了比较完整的组织体系和基础设施,
培养了大批优秀人才,取得了包括“两弹一星”在内的一系列重大科技成果,有力促进
了国家的社会经济发展和国防建设,提高了我国在世界的地位
十一届三中全会之后,中国走上了改革开放道路,确立了以经济建设为中心的基
本原则。国家的发展战略逐步转变为有较强经济指向的赶超战略,经济体制改革逐渐
展开。在这种背景下,集中管理和单一计划为特点的科研体制弊端日益显现,无法再
适应经济社会发展需要。其弊端主要表现在:一、原有科研体系是一个相对比较封闭
的垂直体系,缺乏对经济社会方面的横向联系;二、没有构建有效的科学研究技术成
果转化和扩散的机制,使得技术成果无法有效的应用于实践;三、国家行政管理手段
较多,不利于调动科研机构的互动性和积极性;四、由于科研机构体系的自我封闭,
使得人员结构和知识结构僵化,一定程度上抑制了科技人员从事科研幵发的积极性和
创造性
这种体制下,造成了科研体制与经济社会需求隔离,一方面使得科研与经济社会
需求脱节,造成科学研究的盲目性,另一方面使得许多科研成果无法及时有效地转化
为生产力,科研体系对于经济发展的支撑作用得不到很好的发挥。因此,在体制改革
的大趋势之下,科研体制改革是必然的
1.1.2中国南车戚墅堰所转制后市场战略研究的意义
南车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司(以下简称“中国南车戚墅堰所”或“戚
墅堰所”)隶属于中国南车股份有限公司,位于江苏省常州市。中国南车戚墅堰所主