突发性水污染事故预警应急系统构思 提出了以预警应急系统应对突发性水污染事故的构想 。在深入分析突发性水污染事故时 空、污染范围和污染对象的不确定性、流域性、应急主体不明确等特点的基础上 , 构建突发性水污染 事故预警应急系统体系 , 认为该系统应包括预警机制、应急机制和计算机辅助决策系统三个部分 , 并 详细阐述危险源辨识、风险评价、应急原则、应急组织机构、应急分级、应急监测、应急处理方法等 内容 , 同时分析了事故模拟的流程和数据库设计的要求。 突发性事故 ; 水污染事故 ; 预警 ; 应急 中图分类号 : X52文献标识码 :B文章编号 :100020860 (2005) 1020090204 Concept of early2warn ing and emergency response system for sudden water pollution acc ident HE Jin2chao,L I Jia (State KeyLaboratory of Hydraulics andMountain River Engineering, Sichuan Uninvercity, Chengdu610065, Sichuan, China) Abstract:The concept of the early2warning and emergency response system for sudden water pollution accidents is put forward herein1 Based on the analysis on the characteristics of the sudden water pollution accidents in detail,such as the uncertainty of space2time,the polluted range and the suffered objects,the features of different river basins and the unclearness of the main sub2 jects to respond urgently,the concept on the construction of the early2warning and emergency response system ismade under the consideration of three parts—the early warning mechanism,the emergency mechanism and the computer2aiding decision system; forwhich the hazard resources distinguishing, risk appraisal and the emergency response principleswiththe relevant organization, classification, monitoring, treatment method etc1are described,and then the requirements of both the processing of the accident simulation and the database design are analyzed as well1 而突发性水污染事故可能严重威胁人类生命和健康 、 造成重大的经济损失和破坏生态环境 , 因此有必要建 立起有效、联动的预警应急系统。 突发性水污染事故按照污染物的性质可以分 为 [ 1 ] :(1)剧毒农药和有毒有害化学物质泄漏事故 , 如 DDT、乐果、氰化钾等 ;(2)溢油事故 , 如油车泄 漏、油船触礁等 ;(3)非正常大量排放废水事故, 如 化工厂废水、矿业废水等 ;(4)放射性污染事故, 如 温家宝总理在 2005年 3月的全国人大会议上提 出要“让人民群众喝上干净的水、呼吸清新的空气”, 收稿日期 : 2005207227 作者简介 : 何进朝 , 男 , 27岁 , 硕士研究生。 Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Vol136 No110 何进朝 ,