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摘要
贫困是人类社会的顽疾,如何通过提高金融资源的配置效率来缓解贫困,一直是理
论界研究的一个热点问题。改革开放以来,我国在贫困治理方面取得了巨大的成就,随
着收入水平的不断提高,人们开始追求更加美好的生活,在这一过程中,因消费支出过
大而形成的支出型贫困问题开始凸显,并对我国经济的长期健康发展形成了重大挑战,
因此支出型贫困问题得到了各级政府的高度重视。实践证明,普惠金融对消除贫困有积
极作用,并且随着信息化技术的迅速发展,普惠金融开始广泛应用数字技术,形成了“数
字技术+普惠金融”的数字普惠发展金融模式。在此背景下,探索研究数字普惠金融对
支出型贫困的影响机制,为贫困治理工作的政策制定提供参考依据,具有十分重要的理
论和现实意义。
本文在对国内外研究文献进行认真梳理的基础上,对相关概念进行了科学界定,并
结合数字普惠金融和支出型贫困的发展现状,对数字普惠金融缓解支出型贫困的机制进
行了理论分析,在此基础上,采用 2011-2020年我国 31个省份的相关数据,使用系统
GMM估计模型对缓解机制进行了实证检验,通过以上研究,本文得出以下结论:(1)
支出型贫困具有明显的滞后性特征,前期的贫困是造成当期贫困的重要原因;( 2)数
字普惠金融的发展可以直接缓解支出型贫困,其中覆盖广度和使用深度两个维度对支出
型贫困的缓解作用显著,数字化程度的缓解作用不显著;(3)从地域来看,在我国东、
中、西部地区,数字普惠金融均能对支出型贫困起到显著的缓解作用,但是在不同的经
济发展水平下,数字普惠金融对于支出型贫困的缓解作用大小存在差异,在中部最强,
在东部和西部稍弱;(4)经济的包容性增长在数字普惠金融缓解支出型贫困的过程中
具有间接传导作用,数字普惠金融的发展可以通过缩小收入差距的方式缓解支出型贫困;
(5)教育水平、医疗水平都会对支出型贫困的缓解起到重要作用,因此在消除支出型
贫困时,要统筹考虑所有的影响因素,合理配置资源,从而提高整体缓贫效率。
基于以上结论,本文认为,为以后更好地发挥数字普惠金融的缓贫作用,首先要提
高对贫困类型识别的准确性,科学搭配财政与金融两种缓贫手段,通过充分发挥不同扶
贫方式的优势,从而提高缓贫效率;其次要加快数字化的基础设施建设,尽可能提高数
字普惠金融产品的可获得性;最后要进一步完善数字普惠金融市场,通过构建成熟的数
字普惠金融体系以降低金融排斥。
关键词:数字普惠金融;支出型贫困;贫困缓解
I
Abstract
Poverty is a persistent disease of human society. How to alleviate poverty by improving
the allocation efficiency of financial resources has always been a hot issue in the theoretical
circle. Since the reform and opening up, China has made great achievements in poverty
governance. With the continuous improvement of income level, people began to pursue a
better life. Inthis process, the problem ofexpenditure poverty caused by excessive
consumption expenditure began to highlight, and posed a major challenge to the long-term
and stable development of China's economy. Therefore, the problem of expenditure poverty
has been highly valued by governments at all levels and academia. Practice has proved that
Inclusive Finance has a positive impact on poverty eradication. With the rapid development of
information technology, inclusive finance began to widely apply digital technology and
formed a digital Inclusive Finance Model of "digital technology + Inclusive Finance". In this
context, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the impact mechanism of
digitalInclusiveFinance onexpenditurepovertyandprovidereference basisfor
policy-making of poverty governance.
On the basis of carefully combing the relevant literature at home and abroad, this paper
first defines the relevant concepts scientifically, and analyzes the action mechanism of digital
Inclusive Finance to alleviate expenditure poverty in combination with the development status
of digital Inclusive Finance and expenditure poverty; Secondly, using the relevant data of 31
provinces in China from 2011 to 2020, this paper makes an empirical analysis on the relevant
theories by using the systematic GMM estimation model. Through the above research, this
paperdrawsthefollowing conclusions:(1)expenditurepovertyhasobviouslag
characteristics, and the early poverty is an important reason for the current poverty; (2) Digital
inclusive finance can directly alleviate expenditure poverty. In the three dimensions of digital
Inclusive Finance, the coverage and depth of use play a significant role in alleviating poverty,
while the degree of digitization does not; (3) Geographically, in the eastern, central and
western regions of China, digital inclusive finance can significantly alleviate expenditure
poverty. However, under different levels of economic development, the mitigation effect of
digital Inclusive Finance on expenditure poverty is different, which is the strongest in the
II