文本描述
致谢
逐梦南林,终要别离。回首研究生三年时光,如璀璨烟花,尽是繁华,目之所及,皆
为回忆。在这个充满青春活力与历史厚重感的校园中,有过迷茫与失落,也有过喜悦与认
可,留下的是青春与汗水,收获的是知识与真情。
师恩难忘,铭记于心。感谢我的导师吕柳教授,幸入师门,如沐春风,三年的求学生
涯,感谢您对我的一路指导,谆谆教诲。您不仅传授了专业知识,更教会了我许多为人处
世的道理,从论文的选题到内容思路调整再到撰写成稿,您都倾注了大量的时间与精力。
您渊博的专业知识,严谨的学术态度,精益求精的工作精神,平易近人的人格魅力,都对
我影响深远。饮其流时思其源,成吾学时念吾师,再次衷心感谢吕柳老师、各位任课教师
以及答辩老师,祝愿老师们工作顺利,桃李满园。
亲情如水,平淡相守。多年求学之路,感谢父母的无私付出,感谢姐姐、姐夫的鼓励
支持,不管我走到哪里,无论我身在何处,总有你们坚定的目光,你们是我最温暖的避风
港,也是你们给了我前行的勇气。养育之恩,无以为报,所得亲情,皆为吾幸。期学业有
成,不负所望,祝愿家人身体健康,平安喜乐。
学贵得师,亦贵得友。感谢舍友曹凡、冯利青的陪伴,我们相聚于己亥之秋,分别于
壬寅之夏,三年时间见证了彼此最美好的青春年华,愿1916的女孩们有前程可奔赴,亦有
岁月可回首;感谢师门兄弟姐妹们在科研和生活中给予的帮助,人海茫茫,得以相遇,山
高路远,希望C128的林博、庄博、李博能按时毕业!
一世浮生一刹那,一程山水一年华。论文落笔之际,我的学生生涯到此结束,纵然心
中有万般不舍,但终究要与过去的自己告别,希望自己在奔赴下一段旅程时依旧能够保持
热爱,褪去稚气,去遇见,去创造,去历练,去沉淀,以梦为马,不负韶华!
写尽千山,落笔是你。龙蟠路159号,我们后会有期!
作者:王遣
二〇二二年六月
摘要
以移动互联网为代表的新技术蓬勃发展,在很大程度上重塑了组织面临的外部竞争环
境,在环境不确定性不断增加以及组织内部流程变得更加复杂的情况下,领导者为了应对
追求整体效益与承担社会责任、短期利润与长久发展、创新变革与保持组织稳定等这些矛
盾张力和紧张局势所采取的行为或思维模式对组织命运有重要决定作用。传统的权变理论
提供了一种应对紧张局势的方法——假设当组织系统在内部元素和外部环境实现一致或匹
配时最有效,这种方法主要是探索在矛盾需求中进行选择的条件。但是,随着外部环境变
化的节奏加快与市场竞争的愈发激烈,领导者需要根据情境在满足两极需求间来回转换甚
至是同步开展,这时简单、线性和静态的管理方法不能解决问题,而领导若能运用好源于
中国传统阴阳哲学理论的“兼而有之”悖论思维逻辑却能发挥整合矛盾的协同效应,打破
时间线性和空间边界,更好地与环境复杂性共存,对矛盾加以利用进而取得成功,促进组
织的长远发展。
虽然我们常说“火车跑的快,全靠车头带。风气好不好,关键看领导。”但是在真正
的发展过程中组织要想保持竞争优势,不仅需要领导带的好,更需要每一位员工的参与来
共同促进组织的发展,员工积极的追随行为在很大程度上能保证工作任务高效完成,能动
地应对动态组织情境,还能够为领导行为或组织发展提出更多建设性意见。
本文基于对社会交换理论、自我决定理论文献的回顾与总结,明确领导与员工之间的
关系实质上也是一种人际交换关系,当这种关系更亲密时会促进员工行为的内在化整合,
故选取领导成员交换关系与工作满意度作为本研究路径中的中介变量。同时人格特质理论
认为越是稳定的人格特质在描述个体行为时就越重要,故选择大五人格特质中较为稳定的
外倾性人格作为调节变量加入路径研究,将领导者因素与员工因素置于同一框架之下来探
索在中国传统文化与等级观念背景下包含“高绩效期望”和“强管理支持”两个维度的悖
论式领导在员工个人特质不同的情况下如何通过领导成员交换关系与工作满意度来影响员
工的追随行为,展现出兼容传统观念与当代思维模式的研究结果,为企业管理者提供一些
管理启示。
本研究使用 SPSS、AMOS、Process和 AVE计算工具四个计量软件,使用层次回归、
Bootstrap检验等分析方法对 323份有效问卷数据进行分析,结果表明:(1)悖论式领导
能够激发员工的追随行为。(2)领导成员交换关系在悖论式领导与追随行为之间起中介作
用。(3)工作满意度在悖论式领导与追随行为之间起中介作用。(4)领导成员交换关系
与工作满意度在悖论式领导与追随行为之间起连续中介作用。(5)外倾性人格负向调节悖
论式领导与领导成员交换关系之间的作用。即当外倾性人格水平越高,悖论式领导对领导
成员交换关系的正向促进作用就越弱;外倾性人格水平越低,悖论式领导对领导成员交换
关系的正向关系则越强。(6)外倾性人格负向调节悖论式领导与追随行为之间的中介作用。
根据得出的实验结论,提出如下对策建议:悖论式领导风格与外倾性人格特质的作用效果
应该展现在组织的日常管理中,在选拔招聘与培养管理者与员工时应尽可能地关注这两个
方面;领导可以通过激发员工主观能动性、给予发展性和个性化关怀来提升与员工之间的
交换关系质量;在组织发展过程中可以通过软硬约束结合的方式来对员工进行更好的管理。
关键词:悖论式领导;领导成员交换关系;工作满意度;外倾性人格;追随行为
Research on the influence mechanism of paradoxical leadership on
employees' follow-up behavior
Abstract
The vigorous development of new technologies represented by mobile Internet has reshaped
the external competitive environment faced by organizations to a large extent. Under the
circumstance of increasing environmental uncertainty and more complex internal processes of
organizations, The behavior or thinking mode adopted by leaders to deal with the contradictory
tension and tension between the pursuit of overall benefit and social responsibility, short-term
profit and long-term development, innovation and change and maintaining organizational
stability has an important role in determining the fate of organizations. Traditional contingency
theory offers a way to deal with tension— it assumes that organizational systems are most
effective when they achieve consistency or matching between internal elements and external
environments, primarily exploring the conditions for choosing between conflicting demands.
However, with the accelerated pace of external environment changes and the increasingly fierce
market competition, leaders need to switch back and forth or even carry out synchronously
according to the situation to meet the demands of both poles. At this time, simple, linear and
static management methods cannot solve the problem. However, if leaders can make good use of
the paradox thinking logic of "having both" originated from the traditional Chinese yin-yang
philosophy theory, they can play the synergistic effect of integrating contradictions, break the
boundary of time linearity and space, coexist better with the complexity of the environment, and
make use of contradictions to achieve success and promote the long-term development of the
organization.
Although we often say "the train runs fast, all rely on the front belt. Whether the general
atmosphere is good or not depends on the leadership." But in the process of the development of
the real organization to maintain competitive advantage, not only need to take the leadership of
the good, more needs the participation of every employee to jointly promote the development of
the organization, employees actively follow behavior in the very great degree can guarantee work
efficient task, active way of dealing with dynamic organization situation, also can put forward
more constructive Suggestions for leadership behavior and organizational development.
In this paper, based on the social exchange theory, self-determination theory, literature
review and summary, clear the relationship between the leadership and staff in essence is a kind
of interpersonal exchange relationship, when the relationship is closer to promote the integration
of internalization of employee behavior, so choose leading members exchange relationship with
job satisfaction as the intervening variable in this research path. At the same time, personality
trait theory believes that the more stable personality trait is, the more important it is to describe
individual behavior. Therefore, extroversion personality, which is relatively stable among the big
five personality traits, is selected as a moderating variable to be added into the path study. Put
leader factors with employees in the same framework of down exploration under the background