摘
要
国有银行在中国金融机构体系中始终处于主体地位，经过改制上市后很长一
段时间平稳运行的基础上，在客户服务、业务经营规模、资产质量管理、获利能
力等方面都取得了优异的成绩，但由于利率市场化金融改革的深入推进，地方城
市商业银行的大量成立并迅速向下延伸以及各种新型互联网金融机构的大量涌
现，造成银行之间的市场竞争日益剧烈，再加之国内市场投融资模式的多元化和
监督管理的日益规范，对国有商业银行的经营服务、管理盈利能力、风险控制水
平等均有了更高的要求。
如何通过科学、合理地运用分析方法，对我国国有商业银行的经营效率进行
真实、有效、全面的评价，对影响经营效率各个因素进行科学的分析，为提升其
经营效率及综合竞争力提供有效的保障，这一问题关乎我国金融行业整体运营水
平，是学术研究工作者亟待解决的问题。
为此，本文以农业银行FZ分行为研究对象，在分析其当前经营现状的基础
上，通过构建BCC模型对其经营效率进行测算，深入剖析其影响因素，探究银行
经营效率低下的原因，提出效率提升的建议与策略。具体的研究内容及结论如下：
（1）本文运用财务指标法将农业银行FZ分行与当地其他三家国有商业银行
的相关财务数据进行对比分析，发现农业银行FZ分行资产质量控制较为良好、
存在盈利能力较弱、成本控制能力差等问题。
（2）运用BCC模型对其经营效率进行评价分析，从综合效率、纯技术效率、
规模效率三个方面对运营效率进行对比分析，结果表明农业银行FZ分行的纯技
术效率相较于其他三家国有商业银行存在明显劣势，与其他国有银行存在较大差
距。
（3）结合农业银行FZ分行经营效率现状，深入剖析其经营效率不佳的原因，
主要为盈利能力不足、经营成本过高、规模低于同业、技术水平低下等。
因此，农业银行FZ分行可通过抓实主要业务转型、加强经营成本管控、深
化改革金融创新、完善激励约束机制和加强人才队伍建设，进而提高银行的经营
效率水平。
关键词：国有银行；效率；数据包络分析
I
Abstract
As the mainstay of China's financial system, state-owned commercial banks have
made remarkable achievements in asset status, profitability and asset quality on the
basis of stable and healthy operation for a long period of time after restructuring and
listing. But at the same time, with the rapid development of economy, interest rate
liberalization and the deepening of financial market reform, all kinds of new financial
institutions are emerging andextending down to the bottom.In addition, the
diversification of financing modes and the increasingly strict supervision of domestic
and foreign financial markets, the business competition between banks is becoming
more and more fierce.
Howto scientificallyand reasonablyuseanalysis methodstomake a
real,effective and comprehensive evaluation of the operating efficiency of China's
state-owned commercial Banks , and scientifically analyze various factors affecting
the operating efficiency, so as to provide effective guarantee for improving their
operating efficiency and comprehensive competitiveness ,which is related to the
overall operating level of China's financial industry,it is an urgent problem for
academic researchers to solve.
Therefore, this paper takes FZ Branch of Agricultural Bank of China as the
research object, and on the basis of analyzing its current operating status,it calculates
its operating efficiency by constructing BCC model, deeply analyzes its influencing
factors, and explores the causes of low operating efficiency of the bank and puts
forward suggestions and strategies for improving efficiency. The specific research
contents and conclusions are as follows:
(1) From a micro perspective, this paper uses the financial index method to
conduct a comparative study on the relevant financial data of AGRICULTURAL Bank
of China FZ Branch and other local state-owned commercial banks, and analyzes it
from the three aspects of profitability, asset quality and cost control ability. It is found
that agricultural Bank of China FZ Branch has good asset quality control, weak
profitability and poor cost control ability.
(2) Data using DEA model to evaluate the operational efficiency, from the
comprehensive efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of operational
II
efficiency, the results show that the pure technical efficiency of FZ branch of
agricultural bank of compared with other three state-owned commercial Banks has
obvious disadvantages, the enterprise's management level and technical level is
relatively low, With other state - owned bank existence big gap.
(3) Based on the current operating efficiency of FZ Branch of Agricultural Bank
of China, the reasons for its poor operating efficiency are deeply analyzed, which
mainly include insufficient profitability, high operating cost, lower scale than peers
and low technical level.
Therefore, Agricultural Bank of China FZ Branch can improve the operational
efficiency of the bank by paying close attentionto business transformation，
strengthening the management and control of operating costs, deepening the reform of
financialinnovation,improvingtheincentiveandrestraintmechanismand
strengthening the construction of talent team.
Key words: State-owned bank; Efficiency; Data envelopment analysis
III