摘要
摘要
随着经济的发展和社会的进步，废旧产品的随意丢弃与堆积对环境和资源造成了极
大的浪费与破坏，生态环境恶化与资源短缺等问题愈发严重，引起了我国政府和相关部
门的高度重视。闭环供应链通过对废旧产品进行回收再制造，有效实现了资源节约与循
环利用，是实现绿色经济低碳循环发展的重要途径。在闭环供应链动态优化研究中，成
员竞争行为和产品商誉对闭环供应链成员定价决策起着重要影响。因此本文在边际利润
随时波动的假设前提下，考虑产品商誉动态变化，并在此基础上进一步研究供应链内部
存在成员竞争即制造商竞争、零售商竞争、回收竞争对闭环供应链及链上成员最优定价
决策和绩效的影响。
本文在闭环供应链模型基础上，构建产品商誉的动态变化微分方程，假设产品商誉
不仅影响产品需求量，也会影响产品的回收量，并在产品商誉与产品需求和回收量之间
建立函数关系，利用微分博弈理论分别研究制造商竞争、零售商竞争、回收竞争情形下
闭环供应链的运作模型，分别求解主从博弈和合作博弈情形下闭环供应链成员的最优定
价决策路径。通过对比分析不同市场情形下的供应链成员最优决策路径，研究竞争对供
应链成员决策及绩效的影响。研究结论主要有以下几点：
结论（1）：制造商竞争市场下，产品的批发价和零售价不仅会受到自身商誉的影
响，还会受到竞争产品商誉的影响，且两者都对产品的批发价和零售价产生正向影响。
即产品自身商誉越大，竞争产品商誉也越大时，产品的批发价和零售价会更高。制造商
竞争会导致竞争产品的批发价和零售价提高，也会提高供应链成员利润。价格竞争强度
越大，产品的商誉则会越大，产品的批发价和零售价也会提高，供应链成员利润越大。
结论（2）：零售商竞争市场下，零售商间的价格竞争有利于提高产品商誉和回收
率。且零售商间的竞争越激烈，产品的回收率和商誉越大。随着产品商誉增大，产品批
发价、零售价也会随之提高，供应链上成员的利润也会随之增加。进一步引入成本分担
契约协调供应链发现，成本分担契约不影响制造商广告投入水平，但可以提高非合作博
弈时零售商的广告投入水平，进而使得产品商誉、零售商回收率增大，有利于提高供应
链上成员利润。
结论（3）：回收竞争市场下，制造商批发价和零售商的批发价与产品商誉成正比，
同样地，制造商和零售商的利润也与产品商誉成正比，即产品商誉越大，产品的批发价
和零售价越高，制造商和零售商的利润也越大。但是制造商和零售商的回收价则与产品
商誉成反比，即产品商誉越大，制造商和零售商的回收价越小。回收竞争强度越大，产
品的批发价和零售价越小，产品的回收价格也越小。相比无回收竞争情形，回收竞争对
于产品商誉的建立存在负影响，使得产品商誉有所减小，进而供应链成员利润也在减小。
且回收价格竞争强度越大，产品商誉越小，供应链成员所获利润也越小。
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摘要
本文的研究在一定程度上拓展了闭环供应链管理的研究深度和广度，揭示了边际利
润随机的闭环供应链动态优化的内在规律和演化机制，对完善和丰富闭环供应链管理理
论与方法具有重要的理论指导意义。研究符合当今发展的主题，且更符合现实条件，有
助于引导和鼓励企业实施闭环供应链管理，对形成绿色发展的生产方式具有现实的指导
意义，不仅为闭环供应链成员适应不同市场类型提供科学依据，也为企业确定最优决策
提供理论依据。
关键词：闭环供应链；边际利润波动；产品商誉；制造商竞争；零售商竞争；回收
竞争；微分博弈
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Abstract
Abstract
With the development of economy and the progress of society, the indiscriminate
disposal and accumulation of waste products have caused great waste and damage to the
environment and resources, the deterioration of the ecological environment and the shortage
of resources has Caused our country government and the related department to take seriously.
Closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) is an important way to realize the development of green
economy and low-carbon cycle by recycling and remanufacturing waste products. In the study
of dynamic optimization of closed-loop supply chain, member competition behavior and
product goodwill play an important role in member decision-making. Therefore, under the
assumption that the marginal profit fluctuates at any time, this thesis considers the dynamic
change of product goodwill, on the basis of this, the thesis further studies the effects of
competition among membersin the closed-loopsupply chain, suchas, manufacturer
competition, retailer competition and recycling competition, on the optimal decision-making
and performance of members in the closed-loop supply chain.
Based on the closed-loop supply chain model, this thesis constructs the dynamic change
differential equation of product goodwill, and establishes the functional relationship between
product goodwill and product demand and recovery, this paper studies the operation models
of closed-loop supply chain with manufacturer competition, retailer competition and recycling
competition by using differential game theory, the optimal decision path of members in
closed-loop supply chain with Stackelberg game and cooperative game is solved by using
differential game theory. By comparing and analyzing the optimal decision-making path of
supply chain members in different markets, this thesis studies the influence of competition on
the decision-making and performance of supply chain members. The main conclusions are as
follows:
Conclusion (1) : In the competitive market of manufacturers, the wholesale price and the
retail price of products will be influenced not only by their own goodwill, but also by the
goodwill of competing products, both have a positive effect on the wholesale and retail prices
of the products. That is, the greater the goodwill of the products themselves, the greater the
goodwill of the competing products, the higher the wholesale and retail prices of the products.
The manufacturer competition will lead to the increase of the wholesale price and the retail
price of the competing products, and will also increase the profit of the supply chain members.
The greater the price competition, the greater the goodwill of the products, the higher the
wholesale and retail prices of the products, and the greater the profit of the supply chain
members.
Conclusion (2) : In the market of retailer competition, the price competition among
retailers is helpful to improve the goodwill of products and the recovery rate. And the more
intense the competition among retailers, the higher the product recovery rate and goodwill. As
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