摘要
摘要
现代企业在日常财务经营决策过程中，企业财务风险多来源于各种财务活动的多样
性，受其自身内在原因制约如:竞相高、压价高的竞争性工程的投标、财务会计管理内控
制度体系不完整规范、不充分健全执行等，外部大环境变化中带来的多种外部因素制约
如:新冠疫情、国家发改委明确了"两新一重"的建设内涵如:新型城镇基础配套建设、新
型现代城镇化服务设施系统建设、重大工程建设等多个因素共同作用的影响，反应在偿
债水平、盈利高低、营运水平，发展前景四个方面中。企业财务风险如果不能系统分析、
深入研究、正确评价、给与有效的控制措施，将会给企业带来一定的财务问题。所以实
施财务风险评价能够帮助企业预防并降低财务风险。使其整体财务水平处在可控状态。
本文课题研究基于财务风险、财务风险评价理论，层次分析法理论，结合国内外学
者的财务风险评价研究成果，以 L建设集团股份有限为公司研究对象（以下简称：L公
司），对其开展财务风险的识别、评价、并给出对策建议。本文首先介绍 L公司的发展
历程，结合本公司企业管理状况，从外部影响因素：政治、经济等及内部影响因素：
2016-2020部分所需财务报表数据为基础，两个视角相结合分析本公司财务风险。随后，
通过对上述风险问题提出的多种因素共同影响与实证评价分析，我们根据识别结果，又
进一步研究运用多层次的关联分析法来进行评价，构建起 L公司的综合财务风险的评价
体系。同时，运用专家量化打分法重新对当前所要建立完善的企业财务风险评价体系模
型中的各类风险评价指标分别进行加权赋值计算权重系数，最终统一形成了 L公司的风
险评价指标的层次关联关系数学表达式.最后，对已经可以识别或诊断出的潜在风险问
题，提出一个更加成熟、更加有针对性的风险解决方案，为公司领导人在财务风险管理
工作方面及公司的持续发展提供一定的决策支持。
关键词:财务风险、财务风险控制、层次分析法风险控制
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Abstract
Abstract
In the course of the daily operation of enterprises，the financial risk of enterprises
comes from the diversity of financial activities and is affected by its own reasons，such as the
competitive bidding for projects，the non-standard and Unsound Financial Management
System， etc. ， many factors in the external environment， such as the epidemic situation
of the new crown，and the clear National Development and Reform Commission of the “Two
new and one heavy”construction ，such as the new infrastructure construction ，the
construction of the new urbanization facilities， the construction of major projects， and so
on，through the bidding stage，contract signing stage，construction stage，profit formation
and distribution of the four links. If the enterprise financial risk can not be analyzed
systematically，evaluated correctly and given effective control measures，it will bring
certain financial problems to the enterprise. So the implementation of the impact of financial
risk assessment can help enterprises to prevent and reduce financial risk. To keep its overall
financial level under control.
Based on the theory of financial risk，financial risk evaluation，analytic hierarchy
process (AHP) and the research results of financial risk evaluation of domestic and foreign
scholars， this paper takes l construction general contracting company as the Research Object
(hereinafter referred to as l company) ， identify and evaluate the financial risk， and give
some suggestions.This paper first introduces the background information of company L，
based on some of the company’s financial statements for 2016-2020， and from two angles of
external and internal environmental risk factors，l Company’s financial risk factors for the
qualitative，Quantitative analysis. Then，based on the results of the evaluation and the
empirical analysis，we further study the application of multi-level correlation analysis to
re-analysis，construct thecomprehensive financial risk evaluation system of L.. At the
same time，the weight coefficients of all kinds of evaluation indexes in the established
financial risk evaluation system are assigned by using the expert scoring method， and finally
the relational mathematical expression of risk evaluation indexes of l construction general
contracting company is formed. Finally，a more mature and targeted risk solution is proposed
for the potential risk problems that can be identified or diagnosed ， which can provide
intellectual support for the company to better carry out financial risk management.
Key words:Financial Risk， financial risk control， analytic hierarchy process， risk control
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目录
目录
摘要......................I
Abstract.........................II
1绪论....................1
1.1研究背景......................1
1.2研究目的及意义................2
1.2.1研究目的..................2
1.2.2研究意义..................2
1.3研究综述......................3
1.3.1国外研究现状.................3
1.3.2国内研究现状.................4
1.3.3文献综述..................7
1.4研究内容与方法.................7
1.4.1研究内容.................7
1.4.2研究方法.................9
1.5本文贡献....................10
2相关理论........................12
2.1财务风险概述...................12
2.1.1财务风险的概念..................12
2.1.2财务风险的特征..................12
2.1.3财务风险的分类..................13
2.2财务风险评价方法..................15
2.2.1财务风险定性评价方法.............15
2.2.2财务风险定量评价方法.............15
2.2.3财务风险综合评价方法.............16
2.3层次分析法相关理论....................16
2.3.1层次分析法的基本内容.............16
2.3.2层次分析法的特点..............16
2.3.3层次分析法的基本步骤.............17
2.3.4层次分析法评价指标选取的原则................19
2.3.5层次分析法评价指标选取................20
3 L公司基本情况及财务状况分析....................23
3.1 L公司简介.................23
3.2 L公司外部影响因素..................... 23
3.2.1政治因素......................23
3.2.2经济因素......................24
3.2.3社会文化因素.....................24
3.2.4行业因素......................25
3.3 L公司财务风险内部影响因素...................26
3.3.1相关财务基础数据..............26
3.3.2 L公司盈利能力分析..................26
3.3.3 L公司营运能力分析..................34
3.3.4 L公司偿债能力分析..................30
3.3.5 L公司发展能力分析..................34
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