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Ｊ ＩＡＮ ＧＸ Ｉ ＵＮＩＶ ＥＲＳ Ｉ ＴＹＯＦ Ｆ Ｉ ＮＡＮＣ Ｅ ＡＮＤ ＥＣＯＮＯＭ Ｉ ＣＳ
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Ｕ Ｄ Ｃ
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ＭＡＳ ＴＥ Ｒ Ｄ Ｉ Ｓ ＳＥＲ ＴＡＴＩ Ｏ Ｎ
企止 小彳效企业绩 效影响
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（ 中 文 ）
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论 立 颗 目Ｒｅｓ ｅａｒ ｃ ｏｎｈｅｉ ｍｐａｃｆｅｎｔｒｅ ｐｒｎ ｅｕｒ ｓｔ ｕｕ ｈ ｏｌ
（央文 ）
ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎ ｃ ｅｏ ｆ ｓｍａ ｌ ｌ ａｎ ｄｍ ｉ ｃｒｏ ｅ ｎｔｅｒｒ ｉ ｓｅｓ
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作老马 志 慧导师张孝 锋
硕士 按 恙 里位工商 管 理 学 院
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二〇 二二年六月独创 性 声明
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也不包含为获得江西财经大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书所
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已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。
签名： 日期：2022.05.31
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签名： 导师签名： 日期： 2022.05.31 企业家结构洞对小微企业绩效影响研究
摘 要
近年来我国小微企业无论在企业数量规模上，吸纳社会的就业人数上，还是在上税占全
国企业的比重上，都发挥重要作用，小微企业是我国数量最庞大和最活跃的一类市场主体。
然而由于劳动力成本、原料采购成本等成本持续上升和人民币的不断升值，我国小微企业成
长受到限制。对于小微企业家，为了推动小微企业的健康运营与可持续发展，可以通过社会
网络获取与企业成长两方面资源相互匹配、构建社会网络等方式提高小微企业绩效，比如：
小微企业家通过建立与商业银行的长期合作取得银行的信任获得“关系型贷款”，从而长期
满足小微企业的资金需求；小微企业主动寻求外部网络合作，扩展外部网络的网络节点可以
提升小微企业的创新绩效。
由此，本文基于 Burt 的结构洞理论，集中探讨结构洞理论、小微企业绩效影响因素分
析、战略导向理论以及企业家结构洞和企业绩效关系的相关研究成果。通过相关文献的收集
与解读，将企业家的结构洞划分为丰富性与多样性两个维度，从市场导向与创新导向综合衡
量战略导向，并加入政策扶持因素讨论其调节效应，综上提出企业家的结构洞与企业绩效关
系结构模型。通过运用问卷调查与企业调研得到的数据进行描述统计分析、相关性分析、回
归分析以及信度、效度、多重共线性和异方差检验，得出企业家结构洞对小微企业绩效有
显著的正向影响；企业战略导向即市场导向和创新导向对小微企业绩效有显著的间接影
响；企业战略导向即市场导向和创新导向在企业家结构洞对小微企业绩效的影响具有中
介作用；政府扶持对企业家结构洞对小微企业绩效具有显著的正向影响。
本文在理论和实践创新上做了如下贡献。第一，推动了结构洞理论的发展，关于结
构洞理论，大部分研究关注的领域如：情报学领域、民间借贷、强弱关系、创新、企业
专利和关系的形成等领域。以实证分析验证小微企业家结构洞策略对小微企业绩效的文
献很少，同时本研究丰富了小微企业绩效前因变量的相关研究，揭示了企业家结构洞各
个维度对小微企业绩效的影响；第二，以小微企业作为研究对象，通过企业家结构洞理
论视角对小微企业绩效提升进行路径分析。对于小微企业，国内文献主要从小微企业融
资难和政府扶持政策方面进行研究，如：小微企业融资、小微企业的发展与政府职能转
变、政府对小微企业的扶持等。以企业家“网络结构洞的探寻者”的视角研究企业家在
日常经营过程中通过“寻洞”、“补洞”、“析洞”提高小微企业绩效的文献相对较少，
本研究提出并验证了企业家结构洞，企业战略导向和小微企业绩效之间的关系模型，为
结构洞理论与战略导向和企业绩效相关理论做出进一步拓展。
关键词：企业家结构洞；小微企业；企业绩效
IAbstract
Abstract
In recent years, China;s small and micro enterprises have played an important role in
terms of the number and scale of enterprises, the number of employees in the society, and the
proportion of taxes in national enterprises. Small and micro enterprises are the largest and
most active market players in China. However, due to the continuous rise of labor costs, raw
material procurement costs and the continuous appreciation of RMB, the growth of small and
micro enterprises in China is limited. For small and micro entrepreneurs, in order to promote
the healthy operation and sustainable development of small and micro enterprises, they can
improve the performance of small and micro enterprises by matching resources with
enterprise growth through social networks and building social networks. For example, small
and micro entrepreneurs can obtain the trust of banks through establishing long-term
cooperation with commercial banks and obtain "relationship loans", so as to meet the capital
needs of small and micro enterprises for a long time; Small and micro enterprises actively
seek external network cooperation, and expanding the network nodes of the external network
can improve the innovation performance of small and micro enterprises.
Therefore, based on Burt;s structural hole theory, this thesis focuses on the structural
hole theory, the analysis of influencing factors of small and micro enterprise performance, the
strategic orientation theory and the relevant research results of the relationship between
entrepreneur structural hole and enterprise performance. Through the collection and
interpretation of relevant literature, the entrepreneur;s structural hole is divided into two
dimensions: richness and diversity. The strategic orientation is comprehensively measured
from the market orientation and innovation orientation, and the regulatory effect is discussed
by adding policy support factors. In conclusion, the structural model of the relationship
between entrepreneur;s structural hole and enterprise performance is put forward. Through
descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, reliability, validity,
multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity test using the data obtained from questionnaire
survey and enterprise survey, it is concluded that entrepreneur structure hole has a significant
positive impact on the performance of small and micro enterprises; Enterprise strategic
orientation, namely market orientation and innovation orientation, has a significant indirect
impact on the performance of small and micro enterprises; Enterprise strategic orientation,
that is, market orientation and innovation orientation, play an intermediary role in the impact
of entrepreneur structure hole on the performance of small and micro enterprises;
Government support has a significant positive impact on the performance of small and micro
enterprises.
This thesis has made the following contributions in theoretical and practical innovation.
First, it has promoted the development of structural hole theory. Most of the research fields of
structural hole theory are concerned, such as the field of information science, private lending,
II企业家结构洞对小微企业绩效影响研究
strong weak relationship, innovation, the formation of enterprise patents and relationship, etc.
At the same time, this study enriches the related research on the antecedent variables of small
and micro enterprise performance, and reveals the impact of each dimension of entrepreneur
structure hole on the performance of small and micro enterprises; Secondly, taking small and
micro enterprises as the research object, this thesis analyzes the path of performance
improvement of small and micro enterprises from the perspective of entrepreneur structure
hole theory. For small and micro enterprises, domestic literature mainly studies the financing
difficulties of small and micro enterprises and government support policies, such as small and
micro enterprise financing, the development of small and micro enterprises and the
transformation of government functions, government support for small and micro enterprises,
etc. From the perspective of entrepreneurs