文本描述
中文摘要
近年来,随着我国经济的飞速发展,农村经济发展也取得了长足的进步。在诸
多繁荣农村经济,激发农村经济活力的方式中,农民合作社制度起到了至关重要的
作用。农民合作社是国家为了激活农村市场经济,鼓励农民自主经营而设立的经济
主体。农民合作社可以有效地整合和配置农村现有社会资源,提高规模化农业生产
占比,促进农业生产现代化发展。截止 2020年,中国各类农业专业合作社已注册
19.3万个。但随着国际经济下行压力不断增大、新冠疫情持续加重等不利影响,加
之农民合作社本身相关建设仍存在内部管理混乱、政策依赖度高、经营战略方向不
明晰等问题,使农民合作社的发展愈发困难。
本文以生产手工米醋的 Y合作社为研究对象,探究 Y合作社的战略选择问题。
以小见大地探讨发展战略对合作社的发展影响,为 Y合作社在日益激烈的市场竞争
中取得竞争优势提供可依托的理论选择基础,也为其他合作社以及小微企业的战略
发展提供可借鉴的有益参考。
通过 PEST分析、波特五力模型分析对 Y合作社的内部既有条件,包括资源情
况、经营情况进行细致“扫描”,同时对所处的外部宏观环境(政治环境、经济环
境、社会环境、技术环境)、行业环境(供应商的议价能力、购买者的议价能力、
新进入者的威胁、替代品的威胁、同业竞争者的竞争程度)、内部环境(核心技术
持有能力、组织管理能力、运营销售能力、资源整合能力)进行分析研究。结合 Y
合作社现阶段的经营状况以及市场潜在变化,通过 SWOT分析,对 Y合作社的优
势、劣势、机会、威胁进行统筹梳理。通过对四种可行性方案结合经营实际进行战
略筛选,选定密集型发展战略作为 Y合作社未来一个时期内的发展战略。
在发展方向上,充分利用米醋行业集中度低、产品地域性特征明显、区域性需
求各异的特点,围绕重点区域进行产品深耕,完善产品市场定位;尝试进行目标市
场开发,以客户需求为导向,加强产品的品牌建设力度,创新销售方式,完善销售
网络体系建设,立体化、多元化地开拓市场,不断发掘新的消费群体;需求开发上
注重区域口感偏好,注重研发投入,立足自身拳头产品,在工艺优化上主动作为,
在市场反馈上主动调整,有针对性的开发新产品。
在制度建设上,优化自身组织结构,完善管理制度,强调内部文化认同,增强
管理的科学性和制度性;在队伍建设上优化人才队伍梯队建设,完善考核激励办法,
提高人才的使用效率,加大其专业知识的转化力度;日常运营上强调专业化管理,
通过集中生产保障产品品质,走“技术人才引进——现场传授学习——社员消化吸
收——工艺创新”的跟进学习道路。通过品牌化营销增强市场竞争能力,扩大市场
生存空间,增加和积累自身品牌的知名度和美誉度;在寻求政策保障的同时逐步降
低政策依赖,重视发展的效益和质量,优化生产要素配置,逐步完善生产发展。完
善融资渠道和土地流转管理,扩大业务规模,降低运营成本,转移和分散金融风险。
引导周边土地承包经营权有序流转,提高规模化经营收益,提高经营稳定性,保障
原材料生产安全、统一。
关键词:米醋生产;农民合作社;密集型战略;PEST分析;SWOT分析
ABSTRACT
In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy, rural
economic development has also made considerable progress. In many ways of
prospering the rural economy and stimulating the vitality of the rural economy,
the farmers' cooperative system has played a vital role. Farmers' cooperatives
are economic entities established by the state in order to activate the rural
market economy and encourage farmers to operate independently. Farmers'
cooperatives can effectively integrate and allocate the existing social
resources in rural areas, increase the proportion of large-scale agricultural
production, and promote the modernization of agricultural production. By
2020, China has registered 193000 specialized agricultural cooperatives.
However, with the increasing downward pressure on the international
economy, the continued aggravation of the COVID-19 and other adverse
effects, as well as the problems related to the construction of farmers'
cooperatives, such as confusion in internal management, high policy
dependence, and unclear business strategic direction, the development of
farmers' cooperatives has become more difficult.
This paper takes y cooperative, which produces hand-made rice vinegar,
as the research object to explore the strategic choice of Y cooperative. This
paper discusses the impact of development strategy on the development of
cooperatives from a small perspective, so as to provide a reliable theoretical
basis for y cooperative to obtain competitive advantage in the increasingly
fierce market competition, and also provide a useful reference for the strategic
development of other cooperatives and small and micro enterprises.
Through PEST analysis and Porter's five forces model analysis, the
existing internal conditions of Y cooperative, including resources and
operation, are carefully "scanned". At the same time, analyze and study the
external macro environment (political environment, economic environment,
social environment and technical environment), industry environment (the
bargaining power of suppliers, the bargaining power of buyers, the threat of
new entrants, the threat of substitutes and the degree of competition of
。。。以下略