文本描述
摘要
摘要
近年来,在全球经济受到新冠疫情的冲击下,企业面临着国内外复杂的经
济形势,更加强调企业应该具备多渠道多市场融资的能力。2008年次贷危机以
后,欧美等发达经济体为恢复经济增长长期维持了超低的利率目标和宽松的货
币政策,造成了境外市场较低的资金成本,中资企业选择发行离岸市场美元债
券就是考虑到其成本优势和发行便利。目前,中资企业美元债步入海外发行高
速发展期仍较短,境内发行主体对于发行境外美元债券融资的各环节成本优化
意识还较为薄弱。未来,随着之前发行的海外美元债券相继大量到期,新一轮
的发债融资也即将开始,届时美元债券海外再融资问题将再次受到市场的普遍
关注。本文通过案例和实证分析,对影响中资企业美元债海外发行的成本因素
进行个体层面和普遍意义上的二维研究,有助于发行人根据自身和市场情况优
化发行策略,最终服务于在风险可控的前提下实现较低成本的境外融资,特别
是力求能为后续中资企业美元债的海外发行提供兼具实践和理论意义的指导。
不同于以往研究要么单一选择案例研究方式,忽略某些因素在普遍意义上
的巨大影响,从而易于产生对债券发行的多种定价因素一叶障目的狭隘认识;
要么只选择实证研究方式,仅在债券发行的环节解释融资成本,忽略了大量难
以被数据识别的关键因素对发行人最终发行债券融资的总成本影响,从而降低
了学术研究在业务实践层面的借鉴意义。本文综合运用了实证分析方法和案例
分析方法,通过对中外文献的梳理,建立了分析影响海外发行美元债券融资成
本因素的一般理论框架,并结合中资企业美元债海外发行方式、发行现状等研
究,拓展了影响中资企业美元债发行募资各成本因素的研究框架。在实证分析
部分,本文选取了2010年至2021年9月30日前所有在香港、新加坡、伦敦发
行的中资企业美元债,通过构建多元回归模型验证哪些因素对中资企业美元债
海外发行的融资成本具有普遍影响。结果发现国企海外融资应充分利用自己的
国企背景,因为在海外中资企业美元债市场中企业产权性质在经济和统计意义
上均是显著的指标;企业发行债券应尽可能的传递具备高质量信息的信号,第
三方背书的财务数据更能降低企业融资中必然存在的信息不对称问题,从而尽
I
摘要
量降低企业融资的信用利差;在案例分析部分,本文以K公司为案例,深入地
剖析哪些因素对K公司的债券融资成本产生何种影响,研究发现境内发行人应
该在境外发债时在发行架构、“锁汇”、资金回流境内的方式和时间选择、境内
外投资人路演和沟通环节、获取信用评级等方面均加强重视,优化海外发债的
流程管理。
本文的最大创新在于研究方法的创新,既立足于理论,又着重考虑实务操
作经验的吸收和归纳,使得文章兼具理论价值和业务实操价值。但由于影响海
外中资企业美元债发行最终融资成本的因素很多,仍有诸多因素还未考虑在内,
如国内商业环境变化、国际关系、地缘政治因素等,导致本文的研究分析不够
全面,仍有待进一步完善。
关键词:中资企业美元债;融资成本;发行策略
II
Abstract
Abstract
In recent years, under the impact of the COVID-19 on the global economy,
enterprises are faced with complex economic situations at home and abroad, and it is
emphasized that enterprises should have the ability to obtain financing through
multiple channels and multiple markets. After the subprime mortgage crisis in 2008,
developed economies such as Europe and the United States have maintained ultra-low
interest rate targets and loose monetary policies for a long time in order to restore
economic growth, resulting in lower capital costs in overseas markets. Chinese
enterprises choose to issue US dollar bonds in the offshore market. It is to take into
account its cost advantage and distribution convenience. At present, the period of
rapid development of Chinese dollar bonds is still relatively short, and the issuer's
awareness of financing cost optimization is still relatively weak. In the future, as the
previously issued US dollar bonds mature in large numbers one after another, a new
round of bond issuance financing is about to begin. At that time, the issue of US dollar
bond financing will once again attract the general attention of the market. Through
case and empirical analysis, this paper conducts a two-dimensional study on the
factors affecting the issuance cost of Chinese-funded dollar bonds at the individual
level and in a general sense, which will help issuers optimize issuance strategies
according to their own and market conditions, and ultimately serve the risk
controllable. On the premise of achieving lower-cost overseas financing, in particular,
it strives to provide guidance with both practical and theoretical significance for the
subsequent issuance of Chinese-funded US dollar bonds.
Different from previous studies, either the case study method is selected only,
and the huge influence of certain factors in a general sense is ignored, so that it is easy
to produce a narrow understanding of bond issuance pricing factors; cost, ignoring the
impact of a large number of key factors that are difficult to be identified by data on
the issuer's final issuance cost, thereby reducing the reference value of academic
research at the business practice level. This paper comprehensively uses empirical
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