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重庆理工大学
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摘要
摘要
在经济增长疲乏的背景下,各国都在采取积极的引资政策,其中营商环境改善
成为各国政府的重要焦点。优越的营商环境通过减少监管程序的复杂性和成本,提
供有力的法律保护,保障企业实现投资收益,促进更多外资流入。但现实中却出现
了部分国家营商环境不断优化的同时,诸多外资企业纷纷撤离的反常现象。鉴于此,
本文重新构建理论分析框架,实证检验营商环境对 FDI的影响效应,并从投资动机
和保障条件层面深入探究营商环境对 FDI的作用机制,力争为新时期各国改善营商
环境、吸引外资流入提供理论支撑和经验证据。
首先,本文分析了营商环境对 FDI的理论关联和理论机制。在此基础之上,选
取全球范围内 115个国家作为样本,运用面板格兰杰因果关系检验从营商环境总体
指标、细分指标和不同收入水平国家层面评估营商环境与外商直接投资之间的因果
关系;其次,运用动态面板模型及其 GMM估计法,从营商环境总体指标、细分指
标和不同收入水平国家层面检验营商环境对 FDI的影响效应及其异质性;最后,结
合运用动态面板门槛模型和交互效应模型,从投资动机层面和保障条件层面探究营
商环境对 FDI的作用机制。
通过上述研究内容,本文得出以下结论:在关系检验方面,营商环境是 FDI的
格兰杰原因;在影响效应检验方面,营商环境改善对 FDI流入具有正向效应,营商
环境不同细分指标对 FDI的影响效应具有异质性,开办企业、办理施工许可、获得
电力、跨境贸易等对 FDI具有正向影响,登记财产、少数投资者保护、纳税以及执
行合同等对 FDI的影响并不显著,获得信贷和破产清算对 FDI具有负向影响。此外,
高、中高以及中低收入国家的营商环境改善有利于 FDI流入,低收入国家营商环境
改善抑制了 FDI流入;在机制检验方面,东道国营商环境对不同投资动机 FDI的影
响有所差异,风险分散型、市场导向型、自然资源导向型 FDI会倾向于流入营商环
境更差的东道国,战略资产导向型 FDI倾向于流入向营商环境更好的东道国,劳动
力资源导向型 FDI对于东道国的营商环境并不看重。此外,金融发展水平较低、基
础设施建设落后以及环境规制会制约营商环境对 FDI促进作用的发挥。基于研究结
论,本文从东道国角度提出以下对策建议:一是加强营商环境改革力度,增强外资
吸引优势;二是提高金融发展水平,降低企业融资成本;三是加大基础设施建设,
打造优质投资环境;四是提升环境规制水平,增强外资流入质量。
关键词:营商环境;外商直接投资;影响效应;作用机制
I
Abstract
Abstract
Against the backdrop of sluggish economic growth, countries are adopting positive
policies to attract investment, with improvements in the business environment becoming the
focus of governments' efforts. A favorable business environment can help companies realize
investment returns and facilitate more foreign capital inflows by reducing the complexity
and cost of regulatory procedures and providing strong legal protection. However, the reality
is that some countries continue to optimize the business environment, while many foreign
enterprises have withdrawn from the anomalous phenomenon. Given this, this paper
reconstructs the theoretical analysis framework, empirically tests the effect of business
environment on FDI, and deeply explores the mechanism of business environment on FDI
at the level of investment motivation and guarantee conditions, in an attempt to provide
theoretical support and empirical evidence for countries to improve the business
environment and attract foreign investment in the new era.
Firstly, this paper analyzes the theoretical relevance and influence mechanism of the
business environment on FDI. On this basis, 115 countries around the world are selected as
samples, and the panel Granger causality test is used to evaluate the causal relationship
between business environment and FDI from the overall indicators, sub-indicators, and
countries with different income levels. Secondly, the dynamic panel model and GMM
estimation method are used to test the effect and heterogeneity of business environment on
FDI from the overall indicators, sub-indicators, and countries with different income levels.
Finally, the dynamic panel threshold model and interaction effect model are combined to
explore the mechanism of business environment on FDI from the investment motivation and
guarantee conditions.
Through the above research, this paper draws the following conclusions: In relation test,
business environment is granger cause of FDI; In terms of impact effect test, the
improvement of business environment has a positive effect on FDI inflow. Different sub-
indexes of business environment have different effects on FDI, among which starting a
enterprises, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity and trading across borders
have positive effects on FDI, while registering property, protecting minority investors,
paying taxes, and enforcing contracts have no significant effects on FDI, getting credit and
resolving insolvency have a negative impact on FDI. In addition, the improvement of
business environment in high, middle, and low-income countries is conducive to FDI inflow,
III
。。。以下略