文本描述
摘
要
摘要
近年来,由于商业银行内部因操作风险等问题而引发的金融案件频繁出现,
“强监管”背景下监管惩罚力度也日渐增强,操作风险问题严重制约了商业银行的
稳健经营发展。近年来伴随着中国市场经济蓬勃发展,城市商业银行的资本规模、
经营网点总量、收益水平等都在大幅提升,并且已经成为了中国银行业的新生主
力军,但城市商业银行固有的公司治理不完善、资本充足水平低、信息系统不健
全、人员素质参差不齐等因素,导致了城市商业银行的风险管理能力较为薄弱,
即便进行风险管理,也更加注重信用风险和市场风险,而对操作风险的管理往往
流于形式。城市商业银行收到的监管罚单也日渐增多,如何优化城市商业银行目
前的操作风险管理水平、提升内控质效,进而提升银行业合规稳健发展水平已经
是不可回避的问题。本文通过对商业银行操作风险的成因、城市商业银行操作风
险特点及影响因素进行分析,并联系实际,以 HT银行为例,通过研究剖析 HT
银行组织架构、操作风险管理流程,并运用定性加定量的方式,有效评价 HT银
行的操作风险。在通过和 HT银行风险管理部主管及高层管理者的多次访谈,同
时深入研究了许多行内资料,结合 HT银行的实际情况,从近几年操作风险事件
分类后选定合理的一级和二级指标体系,接着使用层次分析法去判定这些一二级
指标的权重,由专家对各指标采取九分制评分法问卷打分汇总后,对各矩阵归一
化处理求和并做一致性检验,得出影响 HT银行操作风险指标权重的结果:人员
因素占比最高,说明人的行为对于操作风险的影响程度最高,而从二级指标的评
价可以看出,该行在专业知识能力不足、失职违法等工作方面出现的操作风险情
况较多,这是今后在操作风险管理中需要着重注意的;系统缺陷占比第二高,这
也与该行重新组建时间不长,各项系统有待进一步完善的实际情况吻合。主要体
现在系统自身因素上,说明对 HT银行而言,在完善网络系统建设、提高信息系
统稳定性方面必须予以更多关注;内部流程占比第三,表明 HT银行通过近年的
发展,在内部业务流程方面已建立了相应的管理标准,不过从未来发展的实际需
求出发,尤其是伴随着商业银行经营规模的增加、组织结构的丰富和管理人员总
量的扩大,还必须要通过逐步地对内部制度业务流程加以整合,进而形成较为健
I
摘
要
全的内部控制管理体系来增强 HT行总体抵抗操作风险的力量;外部事件占比最
小,今后 HT银行将可以通过加强内外部审计监督结合检查来加强对操作风险的
管控,同时在对服务提供商的管理上也将逐步精细化,以便于降低在外部事件方
面所造成的操作风险损失。该研究结论与 HT银行目前现状较吻合,接着结合一
些 HT银行内部典型重大操作风险案例,浅析该案件方方面面的操作风险点与成
因,再结合笔者工作中的所见所知,分析 HT银行产生操作风险的成因,主要为:
操作风险管理理念薄弱、操作风险管理体系不健全、员工职业素养及风险意识不
足、考核制度不完善、信息系统的支持不足、监督机制不完善、监管存在真空与
冲突等多方面原因。针对这些成因,提出了相应的有实操性的优化建议,例如:
全面推进数据治理与系统整合、制定操作风险分类管理清单、实施矩阵式网格化
风险评估、加快推进数字化内控系统建设、效仿国有大行持续优化操作系统流程
建设、持续建立完善风险递延绩效考核机制、建立内部风险主管派驻制度、召开
操作风险季度例会、解决注册地运营地双重监管问题等,多措并举以期能使 HT
银行打造好风险文化,强化内控合规管理建设,促进城市商业银行更好地发展。
关键词:城市商业银行;操作风险;风险成因;风险管理;优化建议
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Abstract
Abstract
In recent years, due to the frequent occurrence of financial cases caused by
operational risks and other problems in commercial banks, the intensity of supervision
and punishment under the background of "strong supervision" is also increasing, and
operational risks seriously restrict the steady operation and development of
commercial banks. Along with China's booming market economy in recent years, city
commercial bank total capital scale, business outlets, such as income levels are
increased greatly, and has become a new force in China's banking but city inherent in
the corporate governance of commercial bank is imperfect, the low level of capital
adequacy, the information system is not sound, personnel quality is uneven, As a
result, the risk management ability of urban commercial banks is relatively weak.
Even if they carry out risk management, they pay more attention to credit risk and
market risk, while the management of operational risk is often a mere formality.
Urban commercial banks have received more and more regulatory fines. How to
optimize the current operational risk management level of urban commercial banks,
improve the quality and efficiency of internal control, and then improve the
compliance and sound development level of the banking industry has become an
unavoidable problem. This article through to the cause of operational risks in
commercial Banks, city commercial Banks operating risk characteristics and influence
factors analysis, and with practice, HT Banks, for example, by studying the anatomy
of HT bank risk management processes, organization structure, disassemble and using
the qualitative and quantitative way, effective evaluation of HT operation risk of the
bank. Through and HT bank risk management department director and top managers
of many interviews, further study of the many inline data at the same time, combined
with the actual situation of HT bank, from the classification of operational risk events
in recent years after the selected reasonable index system of primary and secondary,
and then use the analytic hierarchy process (ahp) to determine the weight of the
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