摘要
摘要
近年来，汽车已经成为我国居民出行最主要的交通工具，自从我们国家在
2001年加入世贸组织以来，在近二十年的时间内，我国的汽车产业规模增长超
十倍，并且自主品牌逐步发展壮大。2021年是我国“十四五”的开局之年，国
际形势复杂，汽车行业面临着严峻的考验和激烈的竞争。
JA汽车零部件公司是一家国有自主品牌企业，是行业内的杰出代表。但是
近年来，由于产品质量问题频发，JA汽车零部件公司每年的质量外损高达两千
万左右，不仅市场占有率下降，利润也随之下降。因此优化JA公司产品质量管
理是一个重要课题。
通过研究发现，JA公司实物质量存在的主要问题表现为外购零部件质量差、
生产过程中不合格率较高、售后质量问题较多。针对这些质量问题，通过全面质
量管理理论，对JA公司市场调研、设计和开发、采购、生产制造、销售服务全
过程进行分析，运用 PDCA的方法，对质量问题突出且关键的三个过程，设计开
发、采购、生产制造过程进行了原因分析，提出了改进策略。
通过改进策略的实施，JA公司外购件入厂检验合格率提高1%，外购件上线
不良率降低了77%；内部质量损失降低50%；零公里不良率和3个月内的维修率
分别减低74%和68%，质量外损下降43%。
本文的研究结果没有新的理论贡献，主要是在实践方面的贡献，JA公司质
量管理改进策略也为汽车行业其他公司的产品质量改进作提供了一个价值参考
参考和范例。
关键词：全面质量管理；PDCA；内部质量损失；外部质量损失；
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Abstract
Abstract
In recent years, cars have become the most important means of transportation for
Chinese residents to travel. Since our country joined the WTO in 2001, in nearly two
decades, the scale of China's auto industry has increased by more than ten times, and
independent brands have gradually developed and expanded. 2021 is the first year of
China's "14th Five-year Plan". The international situation is complex, and the
automobile industry is facing severe tests and fierce competition.
JA auto parts company is a state-owned independent brand enterprise, is an
outstanding representative in the industry. However, in recent years, due to frequent
product quality problems, JA Auto parts company's annual quality loss is as high as
about 20 million yuan, which not only reduces its market share, but also its
profits. Therefore, the optimization of JA company's product quality management is
an important topic.
Through the study, it is found that the main problems existing in the physical
quality of JA company are the poor quality of outsourced parts, high unqualified rate
in the production process, and many after-sales quality problems. According to these
quality problem, through total quality management theory, to JA company market
research, design and development, procurement, manufacturing, sales and service
process is analyzed, by using the method of PDCA quality problem prominent and
close to the three process of design, development, procurement, manufacturing
process has carried on the reason analysis, proposed the improvement strategies.
Through the implementation of the improvement strategy, the incoming
inspection rate of JA purchased parts increased by 1%, and the on-line defective rate
of purchased parts decreased by 77%. Internal mass loss reduced by 50%; The zero
kilometer-defect rate and maintenance rate within 3 months decreased by 74% and
68% respectively, and the external mass loss decreased by 43%.
The research results of this paper have no new theoretical contributions, mainly
in practice, JA company quality management improvement strategy also provides a
valuable reference and example for other companies in the automotive industry to
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Abstract
improve product quality.
Key words:Total quality management; PDCA; Internal quality loss; External
quality loss;
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