摘要 自从国家提出供给侧改革意见之后，小微企业在我国经济发展中的地位逐年 提升，发挥的作用也受到了肯定。在稳定就业、促进创新和保持经济快速增长方 面，小微企业都起到了非常重要的作用。为此，国家连续发布了多项促进小微企 业发展的政策法规，以期能够在小微企业的创新发展和成长壮大方面起到一定的 推动作用。而小微企业想要迅速的发展壮大，缺少不了融资工具的支持。中国农 业银行作为国有大型商业银行，率先响应国家的号召，为小微企业的发展提供更 多的融资工具和渠道。农行乌鲁木齐分行积极开展小微企业信贷专属产品的推广 和使用，但新疆的小微企业发展拥有自己的特点，并不能做到完全覆盖小微企业 的资金需求，小微信贷业务的推进速度缓慢。 本文选取农业银行乌鲁木齐分行小微企业信贷业务的产品、流程等为研究对 象，在国内外专家学者对小微企业信贷问题研究的基础上，结合新疆乌鲁木齐小 微企业信贷的现状和农行小微企业信贷产品的适用对象，通过问卷,调查在农行 乌鲁木齐分行开户的小微企业使用小微信贷业务产品的情况，找出存在的问题。 然后，进一步与建设银行、民生银行小微企业信贷产品进行对比，发现信贷模式 和产品的差异，以及带来的风险，提出优化建议。一方面农行乌鲁木齐分行小微 企业信贷模式存在客户选择困难、地区适应性不足、成本高、信贷人员过度谨慎 等问题。另一方面，外部环境和小微企业自身都存在风险，银行无法做到盈利覆 盖风险，出现惜贷问题。 要想改善存在的问题，提高贷款的效率，那么农业银行乌鲁木齐分行信贷产 品就要考虑与互联网金融企业合作、与政府机构合作、与第三方担保公司合作的 可行性，以及增加非正规组织集群模式。在优化产品的同时，减少信息的不对称 性，提高目标客户筛选准确率，以及用风险的转嫁来降低不良率。打造专业的信 贷人员团队，优化小微企业信贷业务考核制度，改善信贷业务流程，增加线上业 务部分。为农业银行乌鲁木齐分行的小微企业信贷业务发展提供了可以参考的方 法，充分发挥大型商业银行在小微企业发展中的作用，平衡供需矛盾。 关键词：农行乌鲁木齐分行;小微企业;信贷业务;发展 Abstract Abstract SincethecountryhasputforwardtheSupply-sideReformOpinions,thestatusof smallandmicroenterprisesinChina'seconomicdevelopmenthasbeenimprovedyear byyear,andtheireffortshavebeenpraised.smallandmicroenterpriseshaveplayed animportantroleinstabilizingemployment,promotinginnovationandmaintaining rapideconomicgrowth.Tothisend,thestatehasissuedanumberofpoliciesand regulations,inordertopromotetheinnovativedevelopmentandgrowthofsmalland microenterprises.Andsmallandmicroenterprisescouldn’tgrowrapidlywithoutthe supportoffinancingtools.Asalargestate-ownedcommercialbank,Agricultural BankofChinatakestheleadinrespondingtothecallofthestateandprovidesmore financingtoolsandchannelsforthedevelopmentofsmallandmicroenterprises. AgriculturalBankofChinaUrumqiBranchactivelypromotestheuseofcredit exclusiveproductsforsmallandmicroenterprises.However,thedevelopmentof smallandmicroenterprisesinXinjianghasitsowncharacteristics,whichcannotfully coverthecapitalneedsofsmallandmicroenterprises.Therefore,thesmallandmicro creditbusinesstendstomovealongataslowpace. Thisarticleselectsthesmallandmicroenterprisescreditexclusiveproductsof AgriculturalBankofChinaUrumqiBranchastheresearchobject,inthedomesticand foreignexpertsandscholarstothesmallandmicroenterprisecreditproblems research,onthebasisofcombiningthecurrentsituationofUrumqiinXinjiangsmall microenterprisecreditandAgriculturalBankofChina’ssmallmicroenterprisecredit productsapplicableobjects,Throughquestionnairesurveytosmallmicroenterprise whichhasusedmicrocreditbusinessproducts,findingouttheexistingproblems. Then,itmakesafurthercomparisonwiththecreditproductsofsmallandmicro enterprisesofChinaConstructionBankandChinaMinshengBank,findthe differencesbetweenthecreditmodelsandproducts,aswellastherisksbroughtabout, thenputsforwardoptimizationsuggestions.Ontheonehand,thecreditmodelof smallandmicroenterprisesofAgriculturalBankofChinaUrumqiBranchhas problemssuchasdifficultyincustomerchoice,insufficientregionaladaptability,high costandexcessivecautionofcreditpersonnel.Ontheotherhand,therearerisks intheexternalenvironmentandinsideofsmallandmicroenterprisesthemselves. Banksareunabletocoverriskswithprofits,resultingintheproblemofloan reluctance. Abstract Toimprovetheexistingproblemsandimprovetheefficiencyofloans,thecredit productsofAgriculturalBankofChinaUrumqiBranchshouldconsiderthefeasibility ofcooperationwithInternetfinancialenterprises,governmentagenciesand third-partyguaranteecompanies,aswellastheincreaseofinformalorganization clustermode.Whileoptimizingtheproduct,theinformationasymmetryisreduced, thetargetcustomerscreeningaccuracyisimproving,andthedefectiverateisreduced bytransferringrisks.Buildaprofessionalteamofcreditpersonnel,optimizethecredit businessassessmentsystemofsmallandmicroenterprises,improvethecredit businessprocess,andincreaseonlinebusiness.Itprovidesareferencemethodforthe creditbusinessdevelopmentofsmallandmicroenterprisesinAgriculturalBankof ChinaUrumqiBranchtogivefullplaytotheroleoflargecommercialbanksinthe developmentofsmallandmicroenterprisesandbalancethecontradictionbetween supplyanddemand. KEYWORDS:AgriculturalBankofChinaUrumqibranch;Smallandmicro enterprises;Creditbusiness;Development 目录 I 目录 第1章绪论................................................................................................................1 1.1研究背景及意义.................................................................................................1 1.1.1研究背景......................................................................................................2 1.1.2研究意义......................................................................................................2 1.2研究内容及过程.................................................................................................4 1.3研究方法.............................................................................................................4 第2章文献综述及理论基础....................................................................................5 2.1文献综述.............................................................................................................5 2.1.1国内小微企业信贷理论综述......................................................................5 2.1.2国外小微企业信贷理论综述......................................................................7 2.1.3文献述评.....................................................................................................8 2.2概念界定.............................................................................................................8 2.2.1小微企业的划分标准..................................................................................9 2.2.2央行及银监口径标准................................................................................10 2.2.3小微企业信贷的定义................................................................................11 2.3相关理论...........................................................................................................11 第3章农业银行乌鲁木齐分行小微企业信贷业务现状及同业对比分析..........13 3.1农业银行介绍及小微企业信贷业务发展现状...............................................13 3.1.1农业银行介绍............................................................................................13 3.1.2农业银行小微企业信贷业务发展现状....................................................13 3.2农业银行乌鲁木齐分行小微企业信贷业务现状...........................................16 3.2.1农业银行乌鲁木齐分行介绍....................................................................16 3.2.2农业银行乌鲁木齐分行小微企业信贷业务基本流程及方式................16 3.2.3农业银行乌鲁木齐分行小微企业信贷主要产品....................................18 3.2.4农业银行乌鲁木齐分行小微企业信贷业务评价考核方式....................21 3.3农行乌鲁木齐分行小微企业信贷业务产品与同业对比分析.......................23 3.3.1中国建设银行乌鲁木齐分行“小微快贷”信贷模式............................23 3.3.2民生银行乌鲁木齐分行“商贷通”信贷模式........................................24 3.3.3对比分析同业优秀的小微企业信贷模式和产品....................................25 第4章农业银行乌鲁木齐分行小微企业信贷业务发展情况调查分析..............27 目录 II 4.1农业银行乌鲁木齐分行小微企业信贷业