蚌埠农村商业银行股份有限公司（以下简称“蚌埠农商行”）于 2012 年 9 月 26日挂牌营业，是蚌埠市唯一一家一级法人银行机构。自2018年以来，蚌 埠农商行开始把个人住房按揭贷款作为一个新的盈利点，大力发展相关业务。近 几年，为了控制房价的上涨，我国一直对房地产行业实行贷款紧缩策略，2019 年各家银行房贷额度紧缩依然是不变的常态。在这种背景下，商业银行房屋按揭 贷款业务大幅收缩，部分开发商出现资金链断裂，清算破产，房屋无法按时交付 等问题，购房群体的权利无法得到有效保障，进一步导致银行业的信贷资产质量 出现问题。如何在这种环境下控制银行的住房消费资产质量就成了重中之重。因 此，加强商业银行发放住房贷款的研究，保证商业银行规避可能出现的信贷风险 就变得意义非凡。 商业银行的贷款质量可以说是一个银行的立身之本。本文以蚌埠农村商业银 行为研究对象，首先，通过研究国内外住房贷款质量控制相关理论文献为本文提 供理论依据，并通过相关案例进行佐证；其次，以目前蚌埠农商行的业务数据为 依据，深度分析蚌埠农村商业银行2018年以来住房贷款的发展情况，通过对贷 前、贷中、贷后等贷款流程的研究剖析，着重研究相关环节的风险点，分析自身 的优势和短板；再次，根据实际案例和数据进行分析，得出蚌埠农商行需要加强 客户准入，提高风险防范措施的结论，为接下来的信贷风险防范提供事实依据。 最后根据相关理论文献，结合当前市场环境和蚌埠农商行的实际情况，探讨如何 对蚌埠农商行房屋贷款质量进行控制，通过分析蚌埠农村商业银行当前的组织架 构，制度保障，人才储备等因素来提出优化措施和建议，着重加强风险评估体系 建设，提高员工整体素质，完善动态风险预警，加强制度保障等，进一步提高自 身的抗风险能力。 关键词：蚌埠农村商业银行；住房贷款；风险控制 1 ABSTRACT Bengbu Rural Commercial Bank was established on September 26,2012. It is the only first-level legal person banking institution in Bengbu . Since the second half of 2018,Bengbu Rural Commercial Bank has started to develop personal related housing mortgage loans as a new profit point.In recent years, in order to control the housing prices, government has been implementing a loan tightening strategy for the real estate industry. In 2019, the tightening of various bank mortgage loans is still the norm. Under this background, the commercial bank mortgage loan business has shrunk significantly. Some developers have problems such as capital chain breakage, liquidation and bankruptcy, and the inability of houses to be delivered on time. The rights of buyers can not be effectively guaranteed, which further leads to problems in the quality of credit assets in the banking industry. How to control the quality of the bank's housing consumption assets in this environment has become a top priority. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the research on the issuance of housing loans by commercial banks to ensure that commercial banks avoid the risk of credit. The quality of a commercial bank's loan can be said to be the foundation of a bank. This paper takes the Bengbu Rural Commercial Bank as the research object. Firstly, it provides the theoretical basis for the study of the relevant theoretical literature on the quality control of domestic and foreign housing loans, and proves through relevant cases. Secondly, based on the actual work data of the current Bengbu Commercial Bank, the model is established, and the development of housing loans of rural commercial banks since the second half of 2018 is deeply analyzed. Through the research and analysis of a series of loan processes such as pre-lending, lending, and post-loan, the emphasis is on Study the risk points of relevant links, analyze their own advantages and shortcomings; Thirdly analyze according to actual cases, summarize the credit risks encountered in actual work, and draw a series of conclusions such as strengthening customer access and improving risk prevention. Provide a factual basis for the next credit risk prevention. Finally, based on the current market environment and relevant theoretical literature, it is discussed how to control the quality of the bank loans of the Bengbu Commercial Bank. By analyzing the bank's current organizational structure, system guarantee, talent reserve and other factors to propose 2 optimization measures and recommendations, the Bengbu Commercial Bank will focus on strengthening the risk assessment system, improve dynamic risk warning, strengthen system support, etc., and further improve their ability to resist risks. KEYWORDS: Bengbu Rural Commercial Bank;Housing loan; Risk Management 1 目 录 第一章 绪论............................................................................................. 1 第一节 研究背景................................................................................................. 1 第二节 研究目的与意义....................................................................................... 2 一、研究目的.................................................................................................. 2 二、研究意义.................................................................................................. 2 第三节 相关研究综述......................................................................................... 2 一、国外的研究.............................................................................................. 2 二、国内的研究.............................................................................................. 4 三、国内外研究评述...................................................................................... 5 第四节 研究内容与方法..................................................................................... 5 一、研究内容.................................................................................................. 5 二、研究方法.................................................................................................. 6 第二章 相关概念界定与理论基础 ........................................................ 8 第一节 相关概念界定......................................................................................... 8 一、 信用风险................................................................................................ 8 二、 市场风险................................................................................................ 9 三、 操作风险................................................................................................ 9 第二节 理论基础............................................................................................... 10 一、全面风险管理理论................................................................................ 10 二、理性违约与被动违约理论.................................................................... 11 三、大数定律理论........................................................................................ 11 四、信息不对称理论.................................................................................... 12 第三章 蚌埠农村商业银行住房贷款风险分析 .................................... 13 第一节 蚌埠市房地产市场现状....................................................................... 13 一、房地产土地成交规模............................................................................ 13 二、房地产开发销售情况............................................................................ 14 2 三、房地产市场风险现状............................................................................ 14 第二节 蚌埠农村商业银行住房贷款发展现状............................................... 16 一、蚌埠农商行住房贷款业务发展概况.................................................... 16 二、蚌埠农商行住房贷款客户群体分析.................................................... 17 第三节 贷前业务流程及风险管理现状............................................................. 18 一、贷前业务流程........................................................................................ 19 二、 贷前业务风险管理现状...................................................................... 20 第四节 贷中业务流程及风险管理现状............................................................. 22 一、贷中业务流程.......................................................................