摘要 太阳能光热进入工业领域，为工业过程用热提供热能保障或辅助保障是其继家用 市场和建筑工程市场之后又一孕含着巨大潜力的新型市场领域。实现太阳能光热在工 业领域应用推广，在取得可观经济效益的同时也将产生巨大的社会效益和环境效益。 合同能源管理模式作为一种兴起并发展于欧美的节能商业模式，本身具有商业逐 利性、资源整合性和收益共享性的特点，其优势体现在节能效率高、准入门槛低、市 场分工精细化、政府支持力度大等方面。太阳能光热企业在工业应用领域引入该模式 将有助于企业更加有效地进入到工业热利用这一的新型市场，突破目前的发展瓶颈， 并且引导企业由单纯的产品制造、销售、安装为主向涵盖用能诊断、工程设计、运营 管理等节能一体化解决方案为主转型升级，实现由制造型企业向节能服务型企业转型 的战略升级。基于波特的竞争优势理论，以太阳能光热使用效率高的8个生产行业中 选取最具代表性的纺织印染企业建设的太阳能热水工程为例，从技术能力可行性、市 场需求可行性、经济效益可行性和社会效益可行性四个方面分析光热企业引进该模式 的可行性和有效性，验证了该模式在太阳能光热工业应用领域运用中具备所需的盈利 能力、匹配性和可持续性。 在可行性分析的基础上，针对性的设计以太阳能光热企业为运行主体的合同能源 管理模式运行架构：通过契约或成立隶属关系的节能服务公司两种可选途径确定太阳 能光热企业为该架构中的运行主体；服务对象则是在生产过程具有热水需求的的工业 企业；增加了碳排放需求方和第三方节能量审核方两个相关功能单位；在常规合同能 源管理运行流程期限之外作适当延长，即采用节能效益分享型+运营托管型的复合管 理类型，以提高节能服务价值。 为保障该架构设计顺利被采用和实施，光热企业须从内部和外部采取相应的保障 措施。企业从自身的战略顶层设计、人员配置、技术能力、融资渠道的拓宽、财务制 度变更和风险管控机制建立方面等需作相应调整和加强，尤其针对合同能源管理模式 实际操作中的两个关键因素---融资保障和风险管控，提出了可选解决方案。在企业外 部环境即社会层面上，应从行业规范化、健全第三方审核制度、改善融资环境、加大 政府补贴力度等方面积极为企业创造和改善经营环境，保障合同能源管理模式得以积 极地、广泛地被采用，促进工业节能的发展。 总之，合同能源管理这种科学化、规范化、创新性的节能商业模式具备可直接运 I 太阳能光热企业引入合同能源管理模式研究 用在太阳能热利用工业应用推广实践中的可行性，有助于光热企业更加有效地进 入到工业热利用这一广阔的新型市场，而对于正在实践中探索的太阳能光热企业提供 一定的理论依据。对光热企业、节能客户乃至全社会而言，既可从中获得节能带来的 经济效益，又能实现节能降耗、低碳减排的社会责任目标，乃至降低对自然环境的污 染程度，实现企业、社会、环境多赢的局面。 关键词：太阳能热利用；合同能源管理；工业节能 II Abstract The use of solar energy goes into the industrial field, providing heat or supporting for industrial process. This new market area has great potential after the House-market and Building-market. The application of solar in the industrial field will bring huge social benefits and environmental benefits while achieving considerable economic benefits. As a kind of energy saving business model which rose and developed in America, the contract energy management(EPC) has the characteristics of profit-pursuing , resource integration and income-sharing. The advantages of EPC are shown as high efficiency of energy saving, low entry threshold, fine market division of labor, and large government support. The introduction of EPC in the field of industrial application will help enterprises to enter the new market of industrial heat utilization more effectively, to break through the current bottleneck of development, and guide enterprises to save energy from simple product manufacturing, sales and installation to cover energy diagnosis, engineering design, operation management and so on. Based on Potter's competitive advantage theory, the solar hot water project built by textile printing and dyeing enterprise with high efficiency of solar using, which is the most representative of the 8 production industries . It analyzes the optical and thermal enterprises from four aspects of the feasibility of technical ability, the feasibility of market demand, the feasibility of economic benefit and the feasibility of social benefit. The feasibility and effectiveness of the introduction of the model verify the profitability, matching and sustainability of the model in the application field of solar heat . On the basis of the feasibility analysis, the aim of the design is to design the operation framework of the EPC in which the solar enterprise plays as the main body of the contract energy management model: through the contract or the establishment of the energy saving service company of the subordinate relationship two options to determine the solar thermal enterprise as the main body in the framework; the service object is the industrial enterprises which have the production process with hot water demand. It is increased the carbon emission trading and energy saving audit. And the contracting period is extended to improve the value of energy saving service. In order to ensure that the design of the structure is adopted successfully and implemented, the solarthermal enterprises must take corresponding safeguards from inside and outside. Enterprises need to adjust and strengthen their own strategic top-level design, personnel allocation, technical ability, financing channel widening, financial system change and risk management mechanism, especially for the two key factors in the actual operation of the contract energy management model - financial security and risk management. Solution。 In the external environment of the enterprise, we should actively create and improve the operating environment for enterprises from the standardization of III Abstract 太阳能光热企业引入合同能源管理模式研究 the industry, the improvement of the third party audit system, the improvement of the financing environment, and the increase of government subsidies, so as to ensure that the energy management model of the contract is adopted actively and extensively to promote the development of industrial energy conservation. In a word, EPC as a scientific, standardized and innovative energy saving business can be used directly in the application and popularization of solar heat utilization in industrial application. It will help the solar enterprises to enter the vast new market of industrial heat utilization more effectively, and to explore too much in practice. It provides a certain theoretical basis for the solar enterprises. For solar enterprises, energy saving customers and even the whole society, it can not only obtain economic benefits from energy saving, but also realize the social responsibility target of energy saving and low carbon emission reduction, and even reduce the pollution degree to the natural environment, and realize the multi-win situation of the enterprise, the society and the environment. Keywords: Solar Thermal Applicatoionin Industry ; Energy Performance Constracting ; Energy-Saving in Industry IV 目 录 目 录 第1章 绪论 .............. 1 1.1 研究背景及意义 ....................... 1 1.1.1研究背景.............................. 1 1.1.2理论意义和现实意义 .......... 1 1.2 文献综述 ..... 2 1.3 研究内容与思路 ....................... 6 1.4 研究方法 ... 6 1.5 研究的创新与不足 .................. 7 第2章 合同能源管理（EPC）模式 . 8 2.1 EPC兴起背景与发展 ............. 8 2.2 EPC模式及其特点 .................. 9 2.2.1 EPC/ESCO的定义及类型 .. 9 2.2.2 EPC/ESCO的特点及优势 10 2.3 EPC在中国的发展 ................. 14 2.3.1 引入和发展阶段 ............... 14 2.3.2 现状与不足........................16 2.4 小结..............16 第3章 太阳能光热企业引入EPC模式的意义和可行性分析 ............. 17 3.1 太阳能光热企业引入EPC模式的意义 ......... 17 3.1.1 太阳能光热工业应用的现状 .......................... 17 3.1.2 光热企业引入EPC的意义 ............................ 18 3.2 太阳能光热企业引入EPC模式可行性分析 21 3.2.1 技术能力可行性分析 ....... 21 3.2.2 市场需求分析 ................... 22 3.2.3 经济效益分析 ................... 24 3.2.4 社会效益分析 ................... 26 3.3 主要风险因素 ....................... 27 3.4 小结..............27 V 太阳能光热企业引入合同能源管理模式研究 第4章 太阳能光热企业引入EPC模式架构设计 .... .30 4.1模式功能主体架构............