I 摘要 近年来在旅游业迅速发展的大背景下，我国有29个省份先后提出建设旅游专 业化大省，将旅游业作为振兴经济发展的支柱型产业。我国经济空间形成了新的 “核心—边缘”格局，经济边缘区由于面临着诸多发展劣势，更加重视旅游业对 地区发展的推动作用。旅游专业化作为反映地区旅游业发展水平的重要指标，是 地区旅游发展规划的重要依据，而目前从宏观层面对我国经济边缘区旅游专业化 的研究较少，且国内对地区旅游专业化的评价较多从量的角度展开，忽略了从质、 深度及效率等角度的分析。 基于以上情况，本文以中国经济边缘区为主要研究对象，以全国及经济核心 区为比较对象，利用ArcGIS、Stata、Excel等分析软件，使用Dagum基尼系数、 核密度估计等研究方法，分析2003—2017年间中国经济边缘区旅游专业化程度、 质量、深度和人力投入效率的整体发展水平、地区分布特征、地区差距及分布动 态演进过程，对边缘区旅游专业化时空分异特征进行分析；建立面板数据回归模 型对影响经济边缘区旅游专业化的因素进行深入剖析，依据研究结论提出发展建 议。主要结论如下： （1）在时空分异特征方面：从整体发展水平看，经济边缘区旅游专业化各维 度在研究期内表现出上升的发展趋势，年均增长速度高于全国及核心区，其中旅 游专业化程度和质量的整体发展水平在研究期后期已超过全国及核心区，而旅游 专业化深度和人力投入效率在整个研究期内始终低于全国及核心区；从地区分布 特征来看，各维度空间分布的非均衡现象显著，其中边缘区旅游专业化程度的分 布特征由“南高北低”逐渐发展成“西高东低”，旅游专业化质量在研究期内表 现为“中间低，周边高”的分布特征，而其他维度的分布特征逐渐由“东高西低” 发展为“西南—东北高、西北—东北低”，说明边缘区内旅游专业化质量的高值 区始终在东部地区，而其他维度的高值区主要集中在西南地区；从地区差距的演 变来看，边缘区旅游专业化的地区差距较高且波动较小，其中旅游专业化质量的 地区差距表现出较弱的缩小趋势，而其他维度的地区差距呈现出较弱的扩大趋势。 在研究期初期边缘区的地区内差距水平低于全国及核心区，在研究期后期高于全 国及核心区，且边缘区与核心区的地区间差距在不断缩小；从分布动态演进来看， 旅游专业化各维度的发展水平不断实现突破，在各地区的分布呈现出不同程度的 两极化或多极化特征，分布集中程度逐渐降低，且均在研究期后期低于全国及核 摘要 II 心区的水平。 （2）从影响因素分析方面：经济发展状况、旅游资源禀赋及人口规模对经济 边缘区旅游专业化的发展有着显著的正向推动作用；旅游服务设施与旅游专业化 发展表现出显著的负向相关性，其主要原因为酒店业在前期爆发式增长后呈现出 衰退趋势及边缘区旅游服务设施建设没有满足旅游专业化提升的需求；交通运输 条件对旅游专业化的发展表现出不显著的正向作用，说明边缘区交通建设与旅游 规划结合不紧密，对旅游业化发展的推动作用较弱。 关键词：经济边缘区;旅游专业化;时空分异;影响因素 Abstract III Abstract Inrecentyears,underthebackgroundoftherapiddevelopmentoftourism,there are29provincesinChinawhichhaveputforwardtheconstructionofamajor specializedtourismprovinceandregardtourismasthepillarindustryofeconomic development.EconomicspaceofChinahasformedanew"core-edge"pattern.The economicfringeareasarefacingmanydisadvantages,soscholarspaymoreattentionto theroleoftourisminpromotingregionaldevelopment.Tourismspecializationisoneof theimportantindicators，whichreflectthelevelofregionaltourismdevelopmentandis animportantbasisofregionaltourismdevelopmentplanning.Atpresent,thestudiesof tourismspecializationfromthemacrolevelofeconomicfringeareaareless.Domestic studiesforregionaltourismlspecializationevaluation,whicharemainlyfromthe perspectiveofquantity,ignoredfromtheaspectsofquality,depthandtheefficiencyof research. Basedontheabovesituation,thispapertakesChina'seconomicfringeasthemain researchobject,usingArcGIS,Stata,Excelandotheranalysissoftware,usingDagum ginicoefficient,kerneldensityestimation,analyzingtheoveralldevelopmentlevel, regionaldistributioncharacteristics,regionalgapandthedynamicevolutionprocessof tourismspecialization,quality,depthandhumanresourceinputefficiencyinChina's economicfringeregionsfrom2003to2017,tostudythespatialandtemporal differentiationoftourismspecializationinfringeareas.Thepaneldataregressionmodel isestablishedtoanalyzethefactorsthataffectthetourismspecializationinthefringe areas,andthedevelopmentsuggestionsareputforwardaccordingtotheresearch conclusion.Themainconclusionsareasfollows: (1)Fromtheperspectiveofoveralldevelopmentlevel,tourismspecializationin economicfringeareasshowsanincreasingtrendduringtheresearchperiod,withan averageannualgrowthratehigherthanthatofthenationalandcoreareas.Theoverall developmentleveloftourismspecializationandqualityexceededthatofthenational andcoreregionsinthelateresearchperiod,whilethedepthoftourismspecialization andtheefficiencyofhumanresourceinputwerealwayslowerthanthatofthenational andcoreregionsinthewholeresearchperiod.Fromregionaldistributionfeatures,the Abstract IV dimensionofthespatialdistributionofunbalancedphenomenonissignificant.The distributioncharacteristicsoftourismspecializationdegreeinmarginalareasgradually developedfrom"highinthesouthandlowinthenorth"to"highinthewestandlowin theeast",thetourismspecializationqualityshowedthedistributioncharacteristicof "lowinthemiddleandhighintheperiphery"duringthestudyperiod,andtheother dimensionsofdistributiongraduallydevelopedinto"highinthe southwest-northeast,lowinthenorthwest-northeast".Tourismspecializationhighvalue areagraduallyconcentratedinthesouthwest. Fromtheperspectiveoftheevolutionofregionalgap,theregionalgapoftourism specializationinthemarginalareasisrelativelyhighandfluctuateslittle,amongwhich theregionalgapoftourismspecializationqualityshowsaweaknarrowingtrend,while theregionalgapofotherdimensionsshowsaweakexpandingtrend.Atthebeginningof thestudyperiod,thelevelofintra-regionalgapinthemarginalareaswaslowerthan thatinthenationalandcoreareas,andattheendofthestudyperiod,itwashigherthan thatinthenationalandcoreareas.Fromtheperspectiveofthedynamicevolutionof distribution,thedevelopmentlevelofeachdimensionoftourismspecializationkeeps makingbreakthroughs,andthedistributioninvariousregionspresentsthe characteristicsofpolarizationormulti-polarizationtodifferentdegrees.Thedistribution concentrationdegreegraduallydecreases,anditislowerthanthatofthenationaland coreregionsinthelateresearchperiod. (2)Fromtheanalysisofinfluencingfactors,economicdevelopment,tourism resourceendowmentandpopulationsizeplaysignificantpositiverolesinpromotingthe developmentoftourismspecializationineconomicfringeareas.Thereisasignificant negativecorrelationbetweentourismservicefacilitiesandtourismprofessional development,whichismainlyduetothedeclinetrendofthehotelindustryafterthe explosivegrowthandthefailureoftourismservicefacilitiesconstructioninmarginal areastomeettheneedsoftourismprofessionaldevelopment.Thetransportation conditionsshownosignificantpositivepromotingeffectonthedevelopmentoftourism specialization,whichindicatesthatthetransportationconstructionandtourismplanning infringeareasarenotcloselycombined,andthepromotingeffectontourism developmentisnotobvious. Keywords:Economicfringeareas;Tourismspecialization;Spatial-temporal differentiation;Influencingfactors 目录 V 目录 第1章绪论...................................................................................................................1 1.1研究背景和意义...................................................................................................1 1.1.1研究背景........................................................................................................1 1.1.2研究意义........................................................................................................2 1.2研究综述...............................................................................................................2 1.2.1核心—边缘理论应用研究综述....................................................................2 1.2.2旅游专业化研究综述....................................................................................4 1.2.3旅游业时空分异研究综述............................................................................5 1.2.4研究述评........................................................................................................6 1.3研究思路......................................................................................................